The mouse, as a model organism to study the brain, gives us unprecedented experimental access to the mammalian cerebral cortex. By determining the cortex's cellular composition, revealing the interaction between its different components, and systematically perturbing these components, we are obtaining mechanistic insight into some of the most basic properties of cortical function. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of how circuits of cortical neurons implement computations, as revealed by the study of mouse primary visual cortex. Further, we discuss how studying the mouse has broadened our understanding of the range of computations performed by visual cortex. Finally, we address how future approaches will fulfill the promise of the mouse in elucidating fundamental operations of cortex. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 44 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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皮层回路如何实现皮层计算：鼠标视觉皮层作为模型。

作为研究大脑的模型生物，小鼠为我们提供了前所未有的实验性途径，可以进入哺乳动物的大脑皮层。通过确定皮质的细胞组成，揭示皮质不同成分之间的相互作用，并系统地扰动这些成分，我们获得了对皮质功能的某些最基本特性的机械洞察力。在这篇综述中，我们描述了我们对皮质神经元电路如何执行计算的理解的最新进展，正如对小鼠原发性视觉皮层的研究所揭示的那样。此外，我们讨论了如何研究鼠标来扩大我们对视觉皮层执行的计算范围的理解。最后，我们讨论未来的方法将如何在阐明皮质的基本操作方面实现鼠标的诺言。