Alopecia areata (AA) and Androgenic alopecia (AGA) are the most common multifactorial hair loss disorders that have a serious psychological impact on the affected individuals, while frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is comparatively less common. However, due to the unknown etiology and the effect of many adverse factors, the prognosis of these conditions is challenging to predict. Moreover, no approved therapy has been available to date to prevent or treat these disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of evolutionary conserved small non-coding RNA molecules with significant roles in the posttranscriptional gene regulation either through mRNA degradation or translational repression. A number of biological processes are controlled by these molecules, including cell growth and differentiation, proliferation, inflammation, immune responses, and apoptosis. Recently, a handful of studies have demonstrated the impact of miRNAs on common hair loss-related disorders; however, the exhaustive molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this review, we discussed the functional implications of miRNAs in common hair loss-related disorders and addressed their efficacy to be used for theranostic purposes shortly.

斑秃 (AA) 和雄激素性脱发 (AGA) 是最常见的多因素脱发疾病，对受影响的个体产生严重的心理影响，而额叶纤维化脱发 (FFA) 相对较少见。然而，由于病因不明和许多不利因素的影响，这些疾病的预后很难预测。此外，迄今为止还没有获得批准的疗法来预防或治疗这些疾病。MicroRNAs (miRNAs) 是一组进化上保守的非编码小 RNA 分子，通过 mRNA 降解或翻译抑制在转录后基因调控中发挥重要作用。许多生物过程受这些分子控制，包括细胞生长和分化、增殖、炎症、免疫反应、和细胞凋亡。最近，一些研究证明了 miRNA 对常见脱发相关疾病的影响；然而，详尽的分子机制仍不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 miRNAs 在常见脱发相关疾病中的功能影响，并讨论了它们即将用于治疗诊断目的的功效。