Abstract

Reproductive hormones play a crucial role in the growth and maintenance of the mammalian skeleton. Indeed, the biological significance for this hormonal regulation of skeletal homeostasis is best illustrated by common clinical reproductive disorders, such as primary ovarian insufficiency, hypothalamic amenorrhea, congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and early menopause, which contribute to the clinical burden of low bone mineral density and increased risk for fragility fracture. Emerging evidence relating to traditional reproductive hormones and the recent discovery of newer reproductive neuropeptides and hormones has deepened our understanding of the interaction between bone and the reproductive system. In this review, we provide a contemporary summary of the literature examining the relationship between bone biology and reproductive signals that extend beyond estrogens and androgens, and include kisspeptin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, progesterone, inhibin, activin, and relaxin. A comprehensive and up-to-date review of the recent basic and clinical research advances is essential given the prevalence of clinical reproductive disorders, the emerging roles of upstream reproductive hormones in bone physiology, as well as the urgent need to develop novel safe and effective therapies for bone fragility in a rapidly aging population.

中文翻译：

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超越雌激素和雄激素的骨骼与生殖激素之间的关系

摘要

生殖激素在哺乳动物骨骼的生长和维持中起着至关重要的作用。事实上，这种激素调节骨骼稳态的生物学意义最好通过常见的临床生殖疾病来说明，例如原发性卵巢功能不全、下丘脑闭经、先天性促性腺激素性性腺机能减退和更年期提前，这些疾病导致了低骨密度和低骨密度的临床负担。增加脆性骨折的风险。与传统生殖激素有关的新证据以及最近发现的新的生殖神经肽和激素加深了我们对骨骼和生殖系统之间相互作用的理解。在本次审查中，我们提供当代文献综述，研究骨骼生物学与生殖信号之间的关系，这些信号超出雌激素和雄激素，包括吻肽素、促性腺激素释放激素、促卵泡激素、促黄体激素、催乳素、孕酮、抑制素、激活素和松弛素。鉴于临床生殖障碍的普遍性、上游生殖激素在骨骼生理学中的新兴作用以及迫切需要开发新的安全有效快速老龄化人群中骨脆性的治疗方法。黄体酮、抑制素、激活素和松弛素。鉴于临床生殖障碍的普遍性、上游生殖激素在骨骼生理学中的新兴作用以及迫切需要开发新的安全有效快速老龄化人群中骨脆性的治疗方法。黄体酮、抑制素、激活素和松弛素。鉴于临床生殖障碍的普遍性、上游生殖激素在骨骼生理学中的新兴作用以及迫切需要开发新的安全有效快速老龄化人群中骨脆性的治疗方法。