Danger signals trigger immune responses upon perception by a complex surveillance system. Such signals can originate from the infectious nonself or the damaged self, the latter termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Here, we apply Matzinger's danger model to plant innate immunity to discuss the adaptive advantages of DAMPs and their integration into pre-existing signaling pathways. Constitutive DAMPs (cDAMPs), e.g., extracellular ATP, histones, and self-DNA, fulfill primary, conserved functions and adopt a signaling role only when cellular damage causes their fragmentation or localization to aberrant compartments. By contrast, immunomodulatory peptides exclusively function as signals and, upon damage, are activated as inducible DAMPs (iDAMPs). Dynamic coevolutionary processes between the signals and their emerging receptors and shared co-receptors have likely linked danger recognition to preexisting, conserved downstream pathways. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Phytopathology, Volume 59 is August 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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植物固有免疫中的损伤相关分子模式（DAMP）：应用危险模型和进化观点。

危险信号一旦被复杂的监视系统感知就会触发免疫反应。此类信号可以源自感染性非本人或受损的自我，后者称为损害相关分子模式（DAMP）。在这里，我们将Matzinger的危险模型应用于植物的先天免疫力，以讨论DAMP的适应性优势以及将其整合到预先存在的信号传导途径中。组成型DAMPs（cDAMPs），例如细胞外ATP，组蛋白和自身DNA，仅在细胞损伤导致其片段化或定位于异常区室时才发挥保守的主要功能，并发挥信号传导作用。相比之下，免疫调节肽仅起信号作用，并且在受损时被激活为诱导型DAMP（iDAMP）。信号与其新兴受体和共享共受体之间的动态协同进化过程可能将危险识别与先前存在的，保守的下游途径联系在一起。《植物病理学年度回顾》的预期最终最终在线发布日期是2021年8月。请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates以获取修订的估算值。