OBJECTIVE To develop a novel chondrocyte condensation culture strategy recapitulating developmental condensation and construct self-organised cartilaginous tissue for cartilage regeneration. METHODS Cell-condensation aggregate (CCA) was generated using the condensation culture method by sequential cell seeding. The chondrification capacities and biocompatibilities of CCA were assessed by comparison with the cell-scaffold complex (CSC), which was constructed by cell-scaffold coculture. Preclinical studies including implantation into nude mice subcutaneously and cartilage defect repair in rabbits were performed. RESULTS CCA constructed by condensation culture exhibited a morphology of self-organised cartilaginous tissue. Meanwhile, the condensation culture inhibited or abolished expression of HOX genes including HOXC4 and HOXD8, which was partially consistent with developmental HOX gene expression patterns and associated with enhanced regeneration capacities. Compared with CSC, CCA showed a higher capacity for chondrification and regeneration of rabbit cartilage defects. CONCLUSION The therapeutic assessments indicate that CCA is an efficient therapeutic tool for cartilage regeneration, providing a new strategy for tissue engineering by mimicking developmental events.

中文翻译：

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概括发展的凝聚力并构建自组织的软骨组织用于软骨再生。

目的发展一种新的软骨细胞凝结培养策略，概括发展性凝结，并构建自组织的软骨组织用于软骨再生。方法采用凝结培养法，通过顺序接种细胞产生细胞凝集聚集体（CCA）。通过与通过细胞支架共培养构建的细胞支架复合物（CSC）进行比较，评估了CCA的软骨分离能力和生物相容性。临床前研究包括皮下植入裸鼠和兔软骨缺损修复。结果通过凝结培养构建的CCA表现出自组织软骨组织的形态。同时，缩合培养抑制或消除了HOXC4和HOXD8等HOX基因的表达，这部分与发育HOX基因表达模式一致，并与增强的再生能力有关。与CSC相比，CCA具有更高的软骨软骨再生能力和兔软骨缺损的再生能力。结论治疗评估表明CCA是一种有效的软骨再生治疗工具，通过模仿发育事件为组织工程提供了新的策略。