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Employment Instability and Fertility in Europe: A Meta-Analysis.
Demography ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 , DOI: 10.1215/00703370-9164737
Giammarco Alderotti 1 , Daniele Vignoli 1 , Michela Baccini 1 , Anna Matysiak 2
Affiliation  

The relationship between employment instability and fertility is a major topic in demographic research, with a proliferation of published papers on this matter, especially since the Great Recession. Employment instability, which most often manifests in unemployment or time-limited employment, is usually deemed to have a negative effect on fertility, although different fertility reactions are hypothesized by sociological theories, and micro-level evidence is fragmented and contradictory. We used meta-analytic techniques to synthesize European research findings, offer general conclusions about the effects of employment instability on fertility (in terms of direction and size), and rank different sources of employment instability. Our results suggest that employment instability has a nonnegligible negative effect on fertility. Men's unemployment is more detrimental for fertility than men's time-limited employment; conversely, a woman having a fixed-term contract is least likely to have a child. Next, the negative effect of employment instability on fertility has become stronger over time, and is more severe in Southern European countries, where social protection for families and the unemployed is least generous. Finally, meta-regression estimates demonstrate that failing to account for income and partner characteristics leads to an overestimation of the negative effect of employment instability on fertility. We advance the role of these two factors as potential mechanisms by which employment instability affects fertility. Overall, this meta-analysis provides the empirical foundation for new studies on the topic.

中文翻译:

欧洲的就业不稳定和生育率:荟萃分析。

就业不稳定与生育率之间的关系是人口研究的一个主要话题,关于这个问题的已发表论文数量激增,尤其是自大萧条以来。就业不稳定,最常表现为失业或限时就业,通常被认为对生育率有负面影响,尽管社会学理论假设了不同的生育率反应,微观层面的证据是碎片化和矛盾的。我们使用元分析技术综合了欧洲的研究结果,就就业不稳定对生育率的影响(在方向和规模方面)提供了一般性结论,并对就业不稳定的不同来源进行了排名。我们的研究结果表明,就业不稳定对生育率具有不可忽略的负面影响。男装 与男性的限时就业相比,失业对生育的不利影响更大;相反,有固定期限合同的妇女生孩子的可能性最小。其次,就业不稳定对生育率的负面影响随着时间的推移变得更加强烈,并且在对家庭和失业者的社会保护最不慷慨的南欧国家更为严重。最后,元回归估计表明,不考虑收入和伴侣特征会导致高估就业不稳定对生育率的负面影响。我们将这两个因素的作用作为就业不稳定影响生育率的潜在机制。总体而言,这项荟萃分析为该主题的新研究提供了经验基础。有时间限制的工作;相反,有固定期限合同的妇女生孩子的可能性最小。其次,就业不稳定对生育率的负面影响随着时间的推移变得更加强烈,并且在对家庭和失业者的社会保护最不慷慨的南欧国家更为严重。最后,元回归估计表明,不考虑收入和伴侣特征会导致高估就业不稳定对生育率的负面影响。我们将这两个因素的作用作为就业不稳定影响生育率的潜在机制。总体而言,这项荟萃分析为该主题的新研究提供了经验基础。有时间限制的工作;相反,有固定期限合同的妇女生孩子的可能性最小。其次,就业不稳定对生育率的负面影响随着时间的推移变得更加强烈,并且在对家庭和失业者的社会保护最不慷慨的南欧国家更为严重。最后,元回归估计表明,不考虑收入和伴侣特征会导致高估就业不稳定对生育率的负面影响。我们将这两个因素的作用作为就业不稳定影响生育率的潜在机制。总体而言,这项荟萃分析为该主题的新研究提供了经验基础。随着时间的推移,就业不稳定对生育率的负面影响越来越大,在对家庭和失业者的社会保护最不慷慨的南欧国家更为严重。最后,元回归估计表明,不考虑收入和伴侣特征会导致高估就业不稳定对生育率的负面影响。我们将这两个因素的作用作为就业不稳定影响生育率的潜在机制。总体而言,这项荟萃分析为该主题的新研究提供了经验基础。随着时间的推移,就业不稳定对生育率的负面影响越来越大,在对家庭和失业者的社会保护最不慷慨的南欧国家更为严重。最后,元回归估计表明,不考虑收入和伴侣特征会导致高估就业不稳定对生育率的负面影响。我们将这两个因素的作用作为就业不稳定影响生育率的潜在机制。总体而言,这项荟萃分析为该主题的新研究提供了经验基础。元回归估计表明,不考虑收入和伴侣特征会导致高估就业不稳定对生育率的负面影响。我们将这两个因素的作用作为就业不稳定影响生育率的潜在机制。总体而言,这项荟萃分析为该主题的新研究提供了经验基础。元回归估计表明,不考虑收入和伴侣特征会导致高估就业不稳定对生育率的负面影响。我们将这两个因素的作用作为就业不稳定影响生育率的潜在机制。总体而言,这项荟萃分析为该主题的新研究提供了经验基础。
更新日期:2021-04-26
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