Mammalian adipose tissue can be divided into two major types, namely, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). According to classical view, the main function of WAT is to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides, while BAT is a thermogenic tissue that acts a pivotal part in maintaining the core body temperature. White adipocytes display high plasticity and can transdifferentiate into beige adipocytes which have many similar morphological and functional properties with brown adipocytes under the stimulations of exercise, cold exposure and other factors. This phenomenon is also known as 'browning of WAT'. In addition to transdifferentiation, beige adipocytes can also come from de novo differentiation from tissue-resident progenitors. Activating BAT and inducing browning of WAT can accelerate the intake of glycolipids and reduce the insulin secretion requirement, which may be a new strategy to improve glycolipids metabolism and insulin resistance of obese and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This review mainly discusses the significance of brown and beige adipose tissues in the treatment of obesity and T2DM, and focuses on the effect of the browning agent on obesity and T2DM, which provides a brand-new theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of obesity and T2DM.

中文翻译：

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棕色和米色的脂肪组织：肥胖和2型糖尿病的新型治疗策略。

哺乳动物脂肪组织可分为两种主要类型，即白色脂肪组织（WAT）和棕色脂肪组织（BAT）。根据经典观点，WAT的主要功能是以甘油三酸酯的形式存储多余的能量，而BAT是一种生热组织，在维持核心体温方面起着关键作用。白色脂肪细胞显示出高可塑性，并可以分化为米色脂肪细胞，在运动，冷暴露和其他因素的刺激下，米色脂肪细胞与棕色脂肪细胞具有许多相似的形态和功能特性。这种现象也被称为“ WAT变褐”。除转分化外，米色脂肪细胞也可来自组织驻留祖细胞的从头分化。激活BAT并诱导WAT褐变可以加快糖脂的摄入并降低胰岛素分泌需求，这可能是改善肥胖和2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者糖脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗的新策略。这篇综述主要讨论棕色和米色脂肪组织在肥胖症和T2DM的治疗中的意义，并着重于褐变剂对肥胖症和T2DM的作用，这为肥胖症和T2DM的预防和治疗提供了崭新的理论参考。 T2DM。