Owing to rising levels of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere and oceans, climate change poses significant environmental, economic, and social challenges globally. Technologies that enable carbon capture and conversion of greenhouse gases into useful products will help mitigate climate change by enabling a new circular carbon economy. Gas fermentation using carbon-fixing microorganisms offers an economically viable and scalable solution with unique feedstock and product flexibility that has been commercialized recently. We review the state of the art of gas fermentation and discuss opportunities to accelerate future development and rollout. We discuss the current commercial process for conversion of waste gases to ethanol, including the underlying biology, challenges in process scale-up, and progress on genetic tool development and metabolic engineering to expand the product spectrum. We emphasize key enabling technologies to accelerate strain development for acetogens and other nonmodel organisms. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 12 is June 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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迈向以循环经济为燃料的天然气：加速发展天然气发酵产生的碳负化学产品。

由于我们大气和海洋中温室气体的水平上升，气候变化对全球构成了重大的环境，经济和社会挑战。能够进行碳捕获并将温室气体转化为有用产品的技术将通过实现新的循环碳经济来帮助缓解气候变化。使用固碳微生物进行的气体发酵提供了一种经济可行且可扩展的解决方案，具有独特的原料和产品灵活性，最近已商业化。我们回顾了气体发酵的最新技术，并讨论了加速未来开发和推广的机会。我们讨论了将废气转化为乙醇的当前商业流程，包括潜在的生物学，流程放大的挑战，遗传工具开发和代谢工程方面的进展，以扩大产品范围。我们强调关键的使能技术，以加快产乙酸素和其他非模式生物的菌株开发。《化学和生物分子工程年度评论》第12卷的最终最终在线发布日期为2021年6月。有关修订的估算，请参见http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。