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Influence of amount and frequency of protein supplementation to ruminants consuming low-quality cool-season forages: efficiency of nitrogen utilization in lambs and performance of gestating beef cows
Journal of Animal Science ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-20 , DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab122
Bruno I Cappellozza 1 , David W Bohnert 1 , Maria M Reis 1 , Megan L Van Emon 2 , Christopher S Schauer 3 , Stephanie J Falck 4 , Reinaldo F Cooke 5
Affiliation  

We evaluated the influence of amount and crude protein (CP) supplementation frequency (SF) on nitrogen (N) use by wethers and the performance of late-gestation beef cows. In exp. 1, seven Western whiteface wethers (31.8 ± 1.4 kg) were used in an incomplete 7 × 4 Latin square to evaluate intake and N use. Wethers received one of the seven treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial design containing two levels of supplemental soybean meal offered at a rate of 100% (F) or 50% (H; 50% of F) of the estimated CP requirement daily, once every 5, or once every 10 d, plus a non-supplemented control (CON). Low-quality cool-season forage (4.9 % CP; dry matter [DM] basis) was provided daily for ad libitum intake. Experimental periods lasted 30 d. In exp. 2, 84 Angus × Hereford cows (560 ± 35 kg) were stratified by age, body condition score (BCS), and expected calving date and allocated to 1 of the 21 feedlot pens (three pens per treatment). Pens were randomly assigned to receive the same treatments as in exp. 1 and cows had free access to low-quality cool-season forage (2.9% CP; DM basis). Cow body weight (BW) and BCS were measured every 14 d until calving and within 24 h after calving. In exp. 1, supplementation did not alter total DM and organic matter (OM) intake (P ≥ 0.26), but both parameters linearly decreased as SF decreased (P = 0.02). Supplementation increased DM, OM, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility (P ≤ 0.02). Additionally, F feeding linearly increased DM, OM, and NDF digestibility as SF decreased (P ≤ 0.04). Digestibility of N, N balance, and digested N retained were greater with supplementation (P < 0.01), and N digestibility linearly increased as SF decreased (P = 0.01). Mean plasma urea-N concentration was not only greater (P < 0.01) for supplemented vs. CON wethers but also greater (P = 0.03) for F vs. H. In exp. 2, pre-calving BCS change was greater (P = 0.03) for supplemented cows. A linear effect of SF × supplementation rate for pre-calving BCS change was noted (P = 0.05), as F-supplemented cows lost more BCS compared with H as SF decreased. When considering supplementation intervals greater than 5 d, reducing the quantity of supplement provided, compared with daily supplementation, may be a feasible management strategy to maintain acceptable nutrient use and animal performance while reducing supplement and labor costs.

中文翻译:

蛋白质补充量和频率对食用劣质冷季牧草的反刍动物的影响:羔羊氮利用效率和妊娠肉牛的生产性能

我们评估了添加量和粗蛋白 (CP) 补充频率 (SF) 对奶牛氮 (N) 使用和妊娠后期肉牛生产性能的影响。在 exp。如图 1 所示,在一个不完整的 7 × 4 拉丁方格中使用了 7 个西方白脸雪茄 (31.8 ± 1.4 kg) 来评估摄入量和 N 使用情况。Wethers 接受了 2 × 3 因子设计中的七种处理中的一种,该处理包含两个水平的补充豆粕,以每天估计 CP 需求的 100% (F) 或 50% (H;F 的 50%) 的比率提供,一次每 5 天,或每 10 天一次,加上非补充对照 (CON)。每天提供低质量的冷季草料(4.9% CP;以干物质 [DM] 为基础)随意采食。实验期持续30 d。在 exp。2、84 头 Angus × Hereford 奶牛 (560 ± 35 kg) 按年龄、身体状况评分 (BCS)、和预计产犊日期,并分配给 21 个饲养场中的 1 个(每次处理 3 个)。笔被随机分配接受与 exp 中相同的处理。1 和奶牛可以免费获得低质量的冷季草料(2.9% CP;基于 DM)。母牛体重 (BW) 和 BCS 每 14 天测量一次,直到产犊和产犊后 24 小时内。在 exp。如图 1 所示,补充剂并未改变总 DM 和有机物 (OM) 摄入量 (P ≥ 0.26),但随着 SF 的降低,这两个参数均线性下降 (P = 0.02)。补充剂增加了 DM、OM 和中性洗涤纤维 (NDF) 的消化率 (P ≤ 0.02)。此外,随着 SF 的降低,F 饲喂线性增加了 DM、OM 和 NDF 的消化率(P ≤ 0.04)。N 的消化率、N 平衡和消化的 N 保留随着补充的增加而增加(P < 0.01),和 N 的消化率随着 SF 的降低而线性增加(P = 0.01)。平均血浆尿素-N 浓度不仅比补充组比 CON 组高(P < 0.01),而且比 F 组比 H 组高(P = 0.03)。2,补充奶牛产犊前BCS变化更大(P = 0.03)。注意到 SF × 补充率对产犊前 BCS 变化的线性影响(P = 0.05),因为与 H 相比,补充 F 的奶牛随着 SF 的减少而损失了更多的 BCS。当考虑补充间隔大于 5 天时,与每日补充相比,减少所提供的补充量可能是一种可行的管理策略,以保持可接受的养分使用和动物性能,同时降低补充和劳动力成本。F 与 H 的 CON 更胜一筹(P = 0.03)。2,补充奶牛产犊前BCS变化更大(P = 0.03)。注意到 SF × 补充率对产犊前 BCS 变化的线性影响(P = 0.05),因为与 H 相比,补充 F 的奶牛随着 SF 的减少而损失了更多的 BCS。当考虑补充间隔大于 5 天时,与每日补充相比,减少所提供的补充量可能是一种可行的管理策略,以保持可接受的养分使用和动物性能,同时降低补充和劳动力成本。F 与 H 的 CON 更胜一筹(P = 0.03)。2,补充奶牛产犊前BCS变化更大(P = 0.03)。注意到 SF × 补充率对产犊前 BCS 变化的线性影响(P = 0.05),因为与 H 相比,补充 F 的奶牛随着 SF 的减少而损失了更多的 BCS。当考虑补充间隔大于 5 天时,与每日补充相比,减少所提供的补充量可能是一种可行的管理策略,以保持可接受的养分使用和动物性能,同时降低补充和劳动力成本。由于 SF 减少,与 H 相比,补充 F 的奶牛失去了更多的 BCS。当考虑补充间隔大于 5 天时,与每日补充相比,减少所提供的补充量可能是一种可行的管理策略,以保持可接受的养分使用和动物性能,同时降低补充和劳动力成本。由于 SF 减少,与 H 相比,补充 F 的奶牛失去了更多的 BCS。当考虑补充间隔大于 5 天时,与每日补充相比,减少所提供的补充量可能是一种可行的管理策略,以保持可接受的养分使用和动物性能,同时降低补充和劳动力成本。
更新日期:2021-04-20
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