Background: Previous works have shown that risk factors for some kinds of cancer depend on people's lifestyle (e.g. rural or urban residence). This article looks into this, seeking relationships between cancer, age group, gender and population in the region of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain) using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). Methods: The dataset analysed was made up of 3408 cancer episodes between 2012 and 2014, extracted from the Population-based Cancer Registry (PCR) for Lleida province. The cancers studied were colon and rectal (1059 cases), lung (551 cases), urinary bladder (446 cases), prostate (609 cases) and breast (743 cases). The MCA technique was applied and used to search relationships among the main qualitative features. The basic statistics were the percentage explaining (variance), the inertia and the contribution of each qualitative variable. Results: General outcomes showed a low and moderate contribution of living in rural areas to colorectal and male prostate cancer. Males in urban areas were slightly and heavily affected by lung and urinary bladder cancer respectively. The analysis of each cancer provided additional information. Colorectal cancer greatly affected males aged <; 60, urban residents aged 70-79, and rural females aged ≥ 80. The impact of lung cancer was high among urban females <; 60, moderate among males aged 70-79 and high among rural females aged ≥ 80. The results for urinary bladder cancer results were similar to those for lung cancer. Prostate cancer affected both the <; 60 and ≥ 80 age groups significantly in rural areas. Breast cancer hit the 70-79 group significantly and, somewhat less so, rural females aged ≥ 80. Conclusions: MCA was a significant help for detecting the contributions of qualitative variables and the associations between them. MCA has proven to be an effective technique for analyzing the incidence of cancer. The outcomes obtained help to corroborate suspected trends, as well as detecting and stimulating new hypotheses about the risk factors associated with a specific area and cancer. These findings will be helpful for encouraging new studies and prevention campaigns to highlight observed singularities.

中文翻译：

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使用多重对应分析探索定性变量类别与癌症发病率之间的关联


背景：之前的研究表明，某些癌症的危险因素取决于人们的生活方式（例如农村或城市居住）。本文对此进行了研究，利用多重对应分析 (MCA) 寻找莱里达地区（西班牙加泰罗尼亚）癌症、年龄组、性别和人口之间的关系。方法：分析的数据集由 2012 年至 2014 年期间的 3408 起癌症事件组成，提取自莱里达省基于人群的癌症登记处 (PCR)。研究的癌症包括结肠癌和直肠癌（1059例）、肺癌（551例）、膀胱癌（446例）、前列腺癌（609例）和乳腺癌（743例）。应用 MCA 技术来搜索主要定性特征之间的关系。基本统计数据是解释百分比（方差）、惯性和每个定性变量的贡献。结果：总体结果显示，生活在农村地区对结直肠癌和男性前列腺癌的影响较低和中等。城市地区男性肺癌和膀胱癌的患病率分别为轻度和重度。对每种癌症的分析提供了额外的信息。结直肠癌对<男性的影响很大； 60岁、70-79岁城市居民、≥80岁农村女性。城市女性肺癌影响较高<； 60岁，70-79岁男性中度，80岁以上农村女性中度高。膀胱癌结果与肺癌相似。前列腺癌影响 <； 60岁和≥80岁年龄组在农村地区显着。乳腺癌在 70-79 岁群体中发病率较高，在 80 岁以上的农村女性中发病率稍低。 结论：MCA 对于检测定性变量的贡献及其之间的关联有很大帮助。 MCA 已被证明是分析癌症发病率的有效技术。获得的结果有助于证实可疑的趋势，以及检测和激发有关与特定区域和癌症相关的风险因素的新假设。这些发现将有助于鼓励新的研究和预防活动，以突出观察到的奇点。