Corporal punishment (CP) leads to detrimental mental and physical consequences for a child. One way to prevent CP is to encourage parents to apply alternative discipline strategies that do not involve violence. Based on the knowledge-behavior gap framework in public health education, this study analyzed the focus group data of 75 low-income Black, Latino and White parents to uncover commonalties and differences in their knowledge, self-efficacy and response efficacy of alternative discipline strategies. Findings revealed that parents knew several alternative discipline strategies and had confidence in their ability to conduct these strategies. However, parents reported that some strategies were hard to implement because they lacked the relevant resources. Moreover, parents did not perceive that alternative discipline strategies were effective without using some forms of CP. Knowledge, self-efficacy and response efficacy of alternative discipline strategies are risk factors for child physical abuse and addressing them will help prevent injury and health impacts on children, while providing safe, stable, nurturing relationships and environments for child development.

中文翻译：

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在低收入的黑人，拉丁裔和白人父母中识别替代学科策略的知识，自我效能和反应功效。

体罚（CP）会对孩子的身心造成不利影响。预防CP的一种方法是鼓励父母采用不涉及暴力的替代纪律策略。基于公共卫生教育中的知识-行为鸿沟框架，本研究分析了75位低收入黑人，拉丁裔和白人父母的焦点小组数据，以发现他们在替代学科策略的知识，自我效能和反应功效方面的共性和差异。调查结果表明，父母知道几种替代的学科策略，并对他们执行这些策略的能力充满信心。但是，家长报告说，由于缺乏相关资源，一些策略难以实施。而且，父母没有意识到，如果不使用某些形式的CP，替代纪律策略是有效的。替代纪律策略的知识，自我效能和应对功效是儿童遭受身体虐待的风险因素，解决这些问题将有助于防止伤害和健康对儿童的影响，同时为儿童发展提供安全，稳定，育人的关系和环境。