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Influence of amount and frequency of protein supplementation to steers consuming low-quality, cool-season forage: intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation
Journal of Animal Science ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-13 , DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab112
Bruno I Cappellozza 1 , David W Bohnert 1 , Maria M Reis 1 , Kendall C Swanson 2 , Stephanie J Falck 3 , Reinaldo F Cooke 4
Affiliation  

This experiment evaluated the influence of protein supplementation frequency (SF) and amount offered on intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation by rumen-fistulated beef steers consuming low-quality [2.9% crude protein (CP); dry matter (DM) basis], cool-season forage. Seven Angus × Hereford steers (300 ± 27 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 treatments in an incomplete 7 × 4 Latin square. Treatments, in a 2 × 3 factorial design plus a non-supplemented control (CON), consisted of 2 levels of supplemental soybean meal, 100% (F) or 50% (H) of the estimated rumen-degradable protein requirement, provided daily (D), once every 5 d (5D), or once every 10 d (10D). Experimental periods were 30 d and dry matter intake (DMI) was measured from days 19 to 28. On days 21 (all supplements provided) and 30 (only daily supplements provided; day immediately prior to supplementation for 5D and 10D treatments) ruminal fluid was collected for ruminal pH, ammonia-N (NH3), volatile fatty acids (VFA), and determination of ruminal fermentation variables. Forage and total DM, organic matter (OM), and nitrogen (N) intake increased with supplementation (P ≤ 0.04). However, a linear effect of SF × amount of supplement interaction was observed for forage and total DM, OM, and N intake (P ≤ 0.04), with each variable decreasing as SF decreased, but the decrease being greater with F vs. H. Apparent total tract DM, OM, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility was not affected by supplementation or amount of supplement provided (P ≥ 0.10). In contrast, N digestibility increased with supplementation and for F vs. H (P < 0.01). Digestibility of DM, OM, and N increased linearly as SF decreased (P ≤ 0.03). When all supplements were provided, ruminal NH3, total VFA, and molar proportions of all individual VFA increased with supplementation (P ≤ 0.04), whereas acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P < 0.01). When only daily supplements were provided, none of the aforementioned fermentation parameters were affected (P ≥ 0.09). In summary, reducing the amount of supplemental CP provided to ruminants consuming low-quality forages, when supplementation intervals are >5 d, can be a management tool to maintain acceptable levels of DMI, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation while reducing supplementation cost.

中文翻译:

蛋白质补充量和频率对食用劣质冷季牧草的公牛的影响:采食量、养分消化率和瘤胃发酵

本实验评估了蛋白质补充频率 (SF) 和供给量对消耗低品质 [2.9% 粗蛋白 (CP) 的瘤胃阉牛的采食量、养分消化率和瘤胃发酵的影响;干物质(DM)基础],凉季牧草。在不完整的 7 × 4 拉丁方格中,将 7 头安格斯 × Hereford 阉牛(300 ± 27 kg)随机分配到 7 个处理中的 1 个。处理采用 2 × 3 因子设计和非补充对照 (CON),由 2 个水平的补充豆粕组成,100% (F) 或 50% (H) 的估计瘤胃可降解蛋白质需求量,每天提供(D)、每 5 天一次 (5D) 或每 10 天一次 (10D)。实验期为 30 天,从第 19 天到第 28 天测量干物质摄入量 (DMI)。在第 21 天(提供所有补充剂)和第 30 天(仅提供每日补充剂;补充 5 天和 10 天处理的前一天)收集瘤胃液以测定瘤胃 pH 值、氨氮 (NH3)、挥发性脂肪酸 (VFA) 和瘤胃发酵变量的测定。饲草和总干物质、有机质 (OM) 和氮 (N) 摄入量随着补充的增加而增加 (P ≤ 0.04)。然而,对于草料和总 DM、OM 和 N 摄入量,观察到 SF × 补充剂相互作用量的线性效应(P ≤ 0.04),每个变量随着 SF 的降低而降低,但 F 与 H 的降低幅度更大。表观全消化道 DM、OM 和中性洗涤纤维消化率不受补充剂或所提供的补充剂量的影响(P ≥ 0.10)。相比之下,N 的消化率随着补充和 F 与 H 的增加而增加(P & lt; 0.01)。随着 SF 的降低,DM、OM 和 N 的消化率线性增加(P ≤ 0.03)。当提供所有补充剂时,瘤胃 NH3、总 VFA 和所有个体 VFA 的摩尔比例随着补充剂的增加而增加(P ≤ 0.04),而乙酸盐:丙酸盐的比例降低(P < 0.01)。当仅提供每日补充剂时,上述发酵参数均不受影响(P ≥ 0.09)。总之,当补充间隔大于 5 天时,减少向消耗低品质牧草的反刍动物提供的补充 CP 的量可以成为维持可接受水平的 DMI、养分消化率和瘤胃发酵同时降低补充成本的管理工具。总 VFA 和所有单个 VFA 的摩尔比例随着补充的增加而增加(P ≤ 0.04),而醋酸盐:丙酸盐的比例降低(P < 0.01)。当仅提供每日补充剂时,上述发酵参数均不受影响(P ≥ 0.09)。总之,当补充间隔大于 5 天时,减少向消耗低品质牧草的反刍动物提供的补充 CP 的量可以成为维持可接受水平的 DMI、养分消化率和瘤胃发酵同时降低补充成本的管理工具。总 VFA 和所有单个 VFA 的摩尔比例随着补充的增加而增加(P ≤ 0.04),而醋酸盐:丙酸盐的比例降低(P < 0.01)。当仅提供每日补充剂时,上述发酵参数均不受影响(P ≥ 0.09)。总之,当补充间隔大于 5 天时,减少向消耗低品质牧草的反刍动物提供的补充 CP 的量可以成为维持可接受水平的 DMI、养分消化率和瘤胃发酵同时降低补充成本的管理工具。
更新日期:2021-04-13
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