Empirical evidence suggests that self-reported prosociality and donations increase with age. The majority of this research was conducted using monetary donations as outcome measures. However, on average older adults hold a significant advantage in financial and material assets compared to younger adults, effectively lowering the subjective cost of small monetary donations. Are older adults also more prosocial when donating a nonmonetary resource that is of equal or even higher value for them compared to younger age groups? A first study (N = 160, 20-74 years) combined data from self-report measures, affective responses, and hypothetical donation decisions to compute a single prosociality factor. Conceptually replicating findings from Hubbard, Harbaugh, Srivastava, Degras, and Mayr (2016) on monetary donations, results suggest that nonmonetary prosociality also increases with age. However, these differences depended on the domain of the donation. Data from two further behavioral studies (Study 2: N = 156, 18-89 years; Study 3: N = 342, 19-88 years) that were analyzed using Bayesian statistics provided evidence that older adults are not more prosocial than younger and middle-aged adults when donating a small amount of their time (in service of a donation to charity). In summary, the three studies suggest that older adults are not consistently more likely to behave prosocially than younger or middle-aged adults in nonmonetary domains. These findings point to the importance of moving research on prosociality and aging beyond financial donations and further explore the role of resources and perceived costs of prosociality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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超越金钱：整个成年期的非金钱亲社会性。


经验证据表明，自我报告的亲社会性和捐赠随着年龄的增长而增加。这项研究的大部分是使用金钱捐赠作为结果衡量标准进行的。然而，平均而言，老年人与年轻人相比在财务和物质资产方面具有显着优势，有效降低了小额捐款的主观成本。与年轻群体相比，老年人在捐赠对他们来说具有同等甚至更高价值的非货币资源时是否也更亲社会？第一项研究（N = 160，20-74 岁）结合了自我报告测量、情感反应和假设捐赠决定的数据来计算单个亲社会因素。从概念上复制 Hubbard、Harbaugh、Srivastava、Degras 和 Mayr（2016）关于货币捐赠的研究结果表明，非货币亲社会性也会随着年龄的增长而增加。然而，这些差异取决于捐赠的领域。使用贝叶斯统计分析的两项进一步行为研究（研究 2：N = 156，18-89 岁；研究 3：N = 342，19-88 岁）的数据提供了证据，表明老年人并不比年轻人和中年人更亲社会- 贡献少量时间（为慈善机构捐款）的老年人。总之，这三项研究表明，在非金钱领域，老年人并不总是比年轻人或中年人更有可能做出亲社会行为。这些发现指出了将亲社会性和老龄化研究超越财务捐赠的重要性，并进一步探讨资源的作用和亲社会性的感知成本。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。