Despite extensive evidence that time perspective is associated with a range of important outcomes across a variety of life domains (e.g., health, education, wealth), the question of why time perspective has such wide-reaching effects remains unknown. The present review proposes that self-regulatory processes can offer insight into why time perspective is linked to outcomes. To test this idea we classified measures of time perspective according to the dimension of time perspective that they reflected (e.g., past, present-hedonistic, future) and measures of self-regulation according to the self-regulatory process (i.e., goal setting, goal monitoring, and goal operating), ability, or outcome that they reflected. A systematic search identified 378 studies, reporting 2,000 tests of the associations between measures of time perspective and self-regulation. Random-effects meta-analyses with robust variance estimation found that a future time perspective had small-to-medium-sized positive associations with goal setting (r+ = 0.25), goal monitoring (r+ = 0.19), goal operating (r+ = 0.24), self-regulatory ability (r+ = 0.35), and outcomes (r+ = 0.18). Present time perspective, including being present-hedonistic and present-fatalistic, was negatively associated with self-regulatory processes, ability, and outcomes (r+ ranged from -0.00 to -0.27). Meta-analytic mediation models found that the relationship between future time perspective and outcomes was mediated by goal monitoring, goal operating, and self-regulatory ability, but not goal setting. As the first test of why time perspective is associated with key outcomes, the findings highlight the central role of self-regulation processes and abilities for understanding why people with certain time perspectives experience better outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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了解时间视角的影响：测试自我监管框架的荟萃分析。

尽管有大量证据表明时间视角与各种生活领域（例如，健康、教育、财富）的一系列重要结果相关，但为什么时间视角具有如此广泛影响的问题仍然未知。本综述提出，自我调节过程可以深入了解为什么时间视角与结果相关。为了验证这个想法，我们根据时间视角所反映的维度（例如，过去的、现在的享乐主义、未来）对时间视角的度量进行分类，并根据自我调节过程（即目标设定、目标监控和目标操作）、能力或结果。系统搜索确定了 378 项研究，报告了 2 项，000 测试时间透视测量与自我调节之间的关联。具有稳健方差估计的随机效应元分析发现，未来时间视角与目标设定 (r+ = 0.25)、目标监控 (r+ = 0.19)、目标操作 (r+ = 0.24) 具有中小规模的正相关、自我调节能力 (r+ = 0.35) 和结果 (r+ = 0.18)。现在的时间观点，包括现在的享乐主义和现在的宿命论，与自我调节过程、能力和结果呈负相关（r+ 范围从 -0.00 到 -0.27）。元分析中介模型发现，未来时间观点与结果之间的关系受目标监控、目标操作和自我调节能力的中介作用，但不受目标设定的中介作用。作为对为什么时间视角与关键结果相关的第一个测试，这些发现强调了自我调节过程和理解为什么具有特定时间视角的人会体验更好结果的能力的核心作用。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。