Despite extensive evidence that time perspective is associated with a range of important outcomes across a variety of life domains (e.g., health, education, wealth), the question of why time perspective has such wide-reaching effects remains unknown. The present review proposes that self-regulatory processes can offer insight into why time perspective is linked to outcomes. To test this idea we classified measures of time perspective according to the dimension of time perspective that they reflected (e.g., past, present-hedonistic, future) and measures of self-regulation according to the self-regulatory process (i.e., goal setting, goal monitoring, and goal operating), ability, or outcome that they reflected. A systematic search identified 378 studies, reporting 2,000 tests of the associations between measures of time perspective and self-regulation. Random-effects meta-analyses with robust variance estimation found that a future time perspective had small-to-medium-sized positive associations with goal setting (r+ = 0.25), goal monitoring (r+ = 0.19), goal operating (r+ = 0.24), self-regulatory ability (r+ = 0.35), and outcomes (r+ = 0.18). Present time perspective, including being present-hedonistic and present-fatalistic, was negatively associated with self-regulatory processes, ability, and outcomes (r+ ranged from -0.00 to -0.27). Meta-analytic mediation models found that the relationship between future time perspective and outcomes was mediated by goal monitoring, goal operating, and self-regulatory ability, but not goal setting. As the first test of why time perspective is associated with key outcomes, the findings highlight the central role of self-regulation processes and abilities for understanding why people with certain time perspectives experience better outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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了解时间透视的影响：一项对自我调节框架进行测试的荟萃分析。

尽管有大量证据表明，时间视角与跨多个生命领域（例如，健康，教育，财富）的一系列重要结果相关联，但为何时间视角具有如此广泛影响的问题仍然未知。本审查建议自我调节过程可以提供洞察力，为什么时间观点与结果联系在一起。为了验证这一点，我们根据时间透视图所反映的时间维度（例如过去，现在享乐主义，未来）和根据自我调节过程（即目标设定，目标监控和目标操作），能力或所反映的结果。系统搜索确定了378项研究，其中报告2项 000次测试，测试了时间观点与自我调节之间的关联。具有稳健方差估计的随机效应荟萃分析发现，未来的时间观点具有与目标设定（r + = 0.25），目标监控（r + = 0.19），目标运行（r + = 0.24）的中小正相关，自我调节能力（r + = 0.35）和结果（r + = 0.18）。当前时间的观点，包括现在享乐主义和现在致命论，与自我调节过程，能力和结果负相关（r +范围从-0.00到-0.27）。荟萃分析调解模型发现，未来时间观点与结果之间的关系是由目标监控，目标操作和自我调节能力而非目标设定来调节的。作为对为什么时间观点与关键结果相关联的第一个检验，研究结果突显了自我调节过程的核心作用以及理解为什么具有特定时间观点的人为何会获得更好结果的能力。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。