Will the rise of genetic ancestry tests (GATs) change how Americans respond to questions about race and ancestry on censuses and surveys? To provide an answer, we draw on a unique study of more than 100,000 U.S. adults that inquired about respondents' race, ancestry, and genealogical knowledge. We find that people in our sample who have taken a GAT, compared with those who have not, are more likely to self-identify as multiracial and are particularly likely to select three or more races. This difference in multiple-race reporting stems from three factors: (1) people who identify as multiracial are more likely to take GATs; (2) GAT takers are more likely to report multiple regions of ancestral origin; and (3) GAT takers more frequently translate reported ancestral diversity into multiracial self-identification. Our results imply that Americans will select three or more races at higher rates in future demographic data collection, with marked increases in multiple-race reporting among middle-aged adults. We also present experimental evidence that asking questions about ancestry before racial identification moderates some of these GAT-linked reporting differences. Demographers should consider how the meaning of U.S. race data may be changing as more Americans are exposed to information from GATs.

中文翻译：

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在基因检测时代测量种族和血统。

遗传血统测试 (GAT) 的兴起会改变美国人在人口普查和调查中对种族和血统问题的反应方式吗？为了提供答案，我们对超过 100,000 名美国成年人进行了一项独特的研究，这些成年人询问了受访者的种族、血统和家谱知识。我们发现，与未参加 GAT 的人相比，我们样本中参加过 GAT 的人更有可能自我认同为多种族，并且特别有可能选择三个或更多种族。多种族报告的这种差异源于三个因素：（1）识别为多种族的人更有可能服用 GAT；(2) GAT 接受者更有可能报告祖先起源的多个区域；(3) GAT 接受者更频繁地将报告的祖先多样性转化为多种族的自我认同。我们的结果表明，美国人将在未来的人口数据收集中以更高的比率选择三个或更多种族，中年人的多种族报告显着增加。我们还提供了实验证据，表明在种族识别之前询问血统问题可以缓和这些与 GAT 相关的报告差异。人口统计学家应该考虑随着越来越多的美国人接触到来自 GAT 的信息，美国种族数据的含义可能会发生怎样的变化。