The current study assessed memory performance for perceptually similar environmental sounds and speech-based material after short and long delays. In two studies, we demonstrated a similar pattern of memory performance for sounds and words in short-term memory, yet in long-term memory, the performance patterns differed. Experiment 1 examined the effects of two different types of sounds: meaningful (MFUL) and meaningless (MLESS), whereas Experiment 2 assessed memory performance for words and nonwords. We utilized a modified version of the classical Deese-Roediger-McDermott (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995) procedure and adjusted it to test the effects of acoustic similarities between auditorily presented stimuli. Our findings revealed no difference in memory performance between MFUL and MLESS sounds, and between words and nonwords after short delays. However, following long delays, greater reliance on meaning was noticed for MFUL sounds than MLESS sounds, while performance for linguistic material did not differ between words and nonwords. Importantly, participants' memory performance for words and nonwords was accompanied by a more lenient response strategy. The results are discussed in terms of perceptual and semantic similarities between MLESS and MFUL sounds, as well as between words and nonwords.

中文翻译：

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有意义与无意义的声音和词语。

当前的研究评估了感知相似的环境声音和基于语音的材料在短期和长期延迟后的记忆性能。在两项研究中，我们在短期记忆中展示了类似的声音和单词记忆表现模式，但在长期记忆中，表现模式有所不同。实验 1 检查了两种不同类型声音的影响：有意义 (MFUL) 和无意义 (MLESS)，而实验 2 评估了单词和非单词的记忆性能。我们使用了经典 Deese-Roediger-McDermott（Deese，1959；Roediger & McDermott，1995）程序的修改版本，并对其进行了调整以测试听觉呈现刺激之间的声学​​相似性的影响。我们的研究结果显示 MFUL 和 MLESS 声音之间的记忆性能没有差异，以及短暂延迟后的单词和非单词之间。然而，经过长时间的延迟，人们注意到 MFUL 声音比 MLESS 声音更依赖意义，而语言材料的表现在单词和非单词之间没有差异。重要的是，参与者对单词和非单词的记忆表现伴随着更宽松的反应策略。结果根据 MLESS 和 MFUL 声音之间以及单词和非单词之间的感知和语义相似性进行了讨论。