Bacterial biofilms are communities of bacteria that exist as aggregates that can adhere to surfaces or be free-standing. This complex, social mode of cellular organization is fundamental to the physiology of microbes and often exhibits surprising behavior. Bacterial biofilms are more than the sum of their parts: single-cell behavior has a complex relation to collective community behavior, in a manner perhaps cognate to the complex relation between atomic physics and condensed matter physics. Biofilm microbiology is a relatively young field by biology standards, but it has already attracted intense attention from physicists. Sometimes, this attention takes the form of seeing biofilms as inspiration for new physics. In this roadmap, we highlight the work of those who have taken the opposite strategy: we highlight the work of physicists and physical scientists who use physics to engage fundamental concepts in bacterial biofilm microbiology, including adhesion, sensing, motility, signaling, memory, energy flow, community formation and cooperativity. These contributions are juxtaposed with microbiologists who have made recent important discoveries on bacterial biofilms using state-of-the-art physical methods. The contributions to this roadmap exemplify how well physics and biology can be combined to achieve a new synthesis, rather than just a division of labor.

细菌生物膜是细菌群落，它们以聚集体的形式存在，可以粘附在表面或独立存在。这种复杂的社会细胞组织模式是微生物生理学的基础，并且经常表现出令人惊讶的行为。细菌生物膜不仅仅是它们各部分的总和：单细胞行为与集体群落行为有着复杂的关系，在某种程度上可能与原子物理学和凝聚态物理学之间的复杂关系同源。生物膜微生物学在生物学标准上是一个相对年轻的领域，但它已经引起了物理学家的强烈关注。有时，这种关注的形式是将生物膜视为新物理学的灵感。在此路线图中，我们重点介绍了那些采取相反策略的人的工作：我们重点介绍了物理学家和物理科学家的工作，他们利用物理学来研究细菌生物膜微生物学的基本概念，包括粘附、传感、运动、信号传导、记忆、能量流、群落形成和合作。这些贡献与最近使用最先进的物理方法在细菌生物膜上取得重要发现的微生物学家并列。对这一路线图的贡献体现了物理学和生物学可以很好地结合以实现新的综合，而不仅仅是分工。这些贡献与最近使用最先进的物理方法在细菌生物膜上取得重要发现的微生物学家并列。对这一路线图的贡献体现了物理学和生物学可以很好地结合以实现新的综合，而不仅仅是分工。这些贡献与最近使用最先进的物理方法在细菌生物膜上取得重要发现的微生物学家并列。对这一路线图的贡献体现了物理学和生物学可以很好地结合以实现新的综合，而不仅仅是分工。