We investigate the relationship of morality and political orientation by focusing on the influential results showing that liberals and conservatives rely on different moral foundations. We conducted a comprehensive literature search from major databases and other sources for primary studies that used the Moral Foundations Questionnaire and a typical measure of political orientation, a political self-placement item. We used a predefined process for independent extraction of effect sizes by two authors and ran both study-level and individual-level analyses. With 89 samples, 605 effect sizes, and 33,804 independent participants, in addition to 192,870 participants from the widely used YourMorals.org website, the basic differences about conservatives and liberals are supported. Yet, heterogeneity is moderate, and the results may be less generalizable across samples and political cultures than previously thought. The effect sizes obtained from the YourMorals.org data appear inflated compared with independent samples, which is partly related to political interest and may be because of self-selection. The association of moral foundations to political orientation varies culturally (between regions and countries) and subculturally (between White and Black respondents and in response to political interest). The associations also differ depending on the choice of the social or economic dimension and its labeling, supporting both the bidimensional model of political orientation and the findings that the dimensions are often strongly correlated. Our findings have implications for interpreting published studies, as well as designing new ones where the political aspect of morality is relevant. The results are primarily limited by the validity of the measures and the homogeneity of the included studies in terms of sample origins. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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道德基础和政治取向：系统评价和荟萃分析。

我们通过关注有影响力的结果来研究道德与政治取向的关系，这些结果表明自由主义者和保守主义者依赖于不同的道德基础。我们从主要数据库和其他来源进行了全面的文献搜索，以使用《道德基金会问卷》和政治取向的典型衡量指标（政治自我安置项目）进行基础研究。我们使用预定义的过程由两位作者独立提取效应量，并进行了研究水平和个人水平的分析。除了来自广泛使用的YourMorals.org网站的192,870名参与者之外，还有89个样本，605种效果大小和33,804名独立参与者，支持了关于保守派和自由派的基本区别。但是，异质性是中等的，而且，结果在样本和政治文化中的推广性可能比以前认为的要差。与独立样本相比，从YourMorals.org数据获得的效应量显得偏高，这在一定程度上与政治利益有关，可能是由于自我选择。道德基础与政治取向的联系在文化上（地区和国家之间）和次文化上（白人和黑人受访者之间以及对政治利益的响应）各不相同。协会还取决于社会或经济维度及其标签的选择，从而支持政治取向的二维模型和维度经常紧密相关的发现。我们的发现对解释已发表的研究具有启示意义，以及设计与道德的政治方面相关的新事物。结果主要受到测量方法的有效性以及所纳入研究在样本来源方面的同质性的限制。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。