Residential and school segregation have historically mirrored each other, with school segregation seen as simply reflecting residential patterns given neighborhood-based school assignment policy. We argue that the relationship is circular, such that school options also influence residential outcomes. We hypothesize that the expansion of charter schools could simultaneously lead to an increase in school segregation and a decrease in residential segregation. We examine what happens when neighborhood and school options are decoupled via public school choice in the form of charter schools using data from the census and the Common Core of Data on a national sample of more than 1,500 metropolitan districts. We find that Black-White school segregation increased and residential segregation declined in response to increases in the charter enrollment share from 2000 to 2010. In districts with charter schools, the average increase in the charter enrollment share corresponded to a 12% increase in school segregation and 2% decline in residential segregation. We find no relationship between charter school expansion and school segregation between White and Hispanic students, perhaps because Hispanic students attend more racially diverse charters than White or Black students. White-Hispanic residential segregation declined as charter enrollment increased. Our results demonstrate that educational policy is consequential for both school and neighborhood population processes. When these two contexts are decoupled via public school choice, school and neighborhood segregation patterns move in opposite directions, rather than mirroring each other. Our findings also provide a cautionary lesson for unfettered expansion of choice without integration imperatives.

中文翻译：

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隔离社区、隔离学校：宪章会打破顽固的联系吗？

住宅和学校隔离在历史上是相互反映的，鉴于基于社区的学校分配政策，学校隔离被视为简单地反映了住宅模式。我们认为这种关系是循环的，因此学校选择也会影响住宿结果。我们假设特许学校的扩张可能同时导致学校隔离的增加和住宅隔离的减少。我们使用人口普查数据和公共核心数据对 1,500 多个大都市区的全国样本，研究当社区和学校选择通过公立学校选择以特许学校的形式脱钩时会发生什么。我们发现，从 2000 年到 2010 年，随着特许招生份额的增加，黑人和白人学校隔离增加而住宅隔离减少。住宅隔离减少了 2%。我们发现特许学校的扩张与白人和西班牙裔学生之间的学校隔离之间没有关系，这可能是因为西班牙裔学生比白人或黑人学生参加了更多种族多元化的特许学校。随着特许注册人数的增加，白人与西班牙裔的居住隔离有所减少。我们的结果表明，教育政策对学校和社区人口过程都有影响。当这两种情况通过公立学校选择分离时，学校和社区的隔离模式朝着相反的方向发展，而不是相互反映。我们的研究结果还为在没有整合必要性的情况下不受限制地扩展选择提供了警示。