Dual-process models of cognition distinguish relatively automatic from relatively controlled processes in terms of their interactive impact on perception, judgment, and behavior. Such models have advanced explanation and prediction in a variety of domains across psychology but have yet to be comprehensively applied to the pressing societal and public health problem of suicide. We propose a model of suicide that integrates dual-process models of social cognition with ideation-to-action conceptualizations of suicide. The model specifies: (a) suicide-relevant automatic associations involving the self, others, the future, death, and bodily harm, (b) suicide-relevant motives involving the self, interpersonal relations, the future, and the desire to die, and (c) hypotheses regarding the conditions under which automatic associations and motives individually and interactively impact suicidal ideation and lethal action at various stages of an ideation-to-action framework. The model recasts a number of suicide-relevant variables in terms of the opportunity factor of dual-process theories of attitudes, which encompasses capacity-relevant variables (e.g., time, cognitive resources) that determine whether suicide-relevant judgments and behavior are the result of relatively automatic associations or more controlled, deliberative cognition. Accordingly, the model articulates a number of novel predictions regarding the sources of suicide-relevant automatic associations, motives, and opportunity factors, as well as their interactive influences on suicidal ideation and action. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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自杀意念和行动的自动和受控前提：自杀的双重过程概念化。

认知的双过程模型就其对感知，判断和行为的交互影响而言，将相对自动的过程与相对受控的过程区分开来。这种模型在心理学的各个领域都有先进的解释和预测，但尚未全面应用于自杀的紧迫的社会和公共卫生问题。我们提出了一种自杀模型，该模型将社会认知的双重过程模型与自杀的构想概念结合在一起。该模型规定：（a）与自杀有关的自动关联，涉及自我，他人，未来，死亡和身体伤害；（b）与自杀相关的动机，涉及自我，人际关系，未来和死亡愿望，（c）关于在构想到行动框架的各个阶段中自动关联和动机分别和交互地影响自杀意念和致命行动的条件的假设。该模型根据态度双重过程理论的机会因素，重塑了许多与自杀有关的变量，其中包括与能力相关的变量（例如时间，认知资源），这些变量确定了与自杀相关的判断和行为是否是结果。相对自动的关联或更具控制性的深思熟虑的认知。因此，该模型阐明了有关自杀相关自动关联，动机和机会因素的来源，以及它们对自杀意念和行动的互动影响的许多新颖预测。