Sulfonates include diverse natural products and anthropogenic chemicals and are widespread in the environment. Many bacteria can degrade sulfonates and obtain sulfur, carbon, and energy for growth, playing important roles in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle. Cleavage of the inert sulfonate C-S bond involves a variety of enzymes, cofactors, and oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent catalytic mechanisms. Sulfonate degradation by strictly anaerobic bacteria was recently found to involve C-S bond cleavage through O2-sensitive free radical chemistry, catalyzed by glycyl radical enzymes (GREs). The associated discoveries of new enzymes and metabolic pathways for sulfonate metabolism in diverse anaerobic bacteria have enriched our understanding of sulfonate chemistry in the anaerobic biosphere. An anaerobic environment of particular interest is the human gut microbiome, where sulfonate degradation by sulfate- and sulfite-reducing bacteria (SSRB) produces H2S, a process linked to certain chronic diseases and conditions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biochemistry, Volume 90 is June 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

---

微生物组中的糖基自由基酶和磺酸盐代谢。

磺酸盐包括各种天然产物和人为化学物质，在环境中分布广泛。许多细菌可以降解磺酸盐，并获得硫，碳和能量用于生长，在生物地球化学硫循环中起着重要作用。惰性磺酸盐CS键的裂解涉及多种酶，辅因子以及氧依赖性和氧依赖性催化机制。最近发现，严格厌氧细菌的磺酸盐降解涉及通过O2敏感的自由基化学（由glycyl自由基酶（GREs）催化）对CS键的裂解。在各种厌氧细菌中有关磺酸代谢的新酶和代谢途径的相关发现，丰富了我们对厌氧生物圈中磺酸化学的理解。特别令人关注的厌氧环境是人体肠道微生物组，其中硫酸盐还原和亚硫酸盐还原细菌（SSRB）降解磺酸盐可产生H2S，该过程与某些慢性疾病和状况有关。《生物化学年度评论》第90卷的最终最终在线发布日期为2021年6月。请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates以获取修订的估算值。