In many cognitive tasks, stimuli associated with one's self elicit faster responses than stimuli associated with others. This is true for familiar self-representations (e.g., one's own name), for new self-associated stimuli, and for combinations of both. The current research disentangles the potential of self- versus stranger-representations for familiar, new, and paired (familiar + new) stimuli to guide attention. In Study 1 (N = 34), responses to familiar and new self- versus other representations were tested in a dot-probe task with a short stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA; 100 ms). Study 2 (N = 31) and Study 3 (N = 35) use a long SOA (1,000 ms) to test whether the findings are mirrored in inhibition of return (IOR). We observe significant performance differences for targets following self- versus stranger-associated stimuli (i.e., a cuing effect or IOR depending on the SOA length), yet only when familiar representations are present. This indicates that, under conditions of attentional competition between self- and stranger-representations, familiar self-representations impact the distribution of attention while new self-representations alone do not.

中文翻译：

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自关联几何形状会立即引起注意优先级吗？

在许多认知任务中，与自己相关的刺激比与他人相关的刺激引起更快的反应。对于熟悉的自我表示（例如，一个人自己的名字），新的与自我相关的刺激以及两者的组合都是如此。当前的研究无法弄清自我，陌生人表征对于熟悉的，新的和成对的（熟悉的与新的）刺激引导注意力的潜力。在研究1（N = 34）中，在短暂的刺激发作异步（SOA； 100 ms）的点探针任务中，测试了对熟悉的和新的自我相对于其他表达的反应。研究2（N = 31）和研究3（N = 35）使用较长的SOA（1,000毫秒）来测试发现是否反映了抑制收益率（IOR）。我们观察到自我和陌生人相关刺激后目标的显着性能差异（即，提示效果或IOR（取决于SOA长度），但仅当存在熟悉的表示形式时才可以。这表明，在自我和陌生人表征之间的注意竞争条件下，熟悉的自我表征会影响注意力的分布，而新的自我表征则不会。