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Fluid mechanics of the left atrial ligation chick embryonic model of hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-28 , DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01447-3
Sheldon Ho 1 , Wei Xuan Chan 1 , Choon Hwai Yap 2
Affiliation  

Left atrial ligation (LAL) of the chick embryonic heart at HH21 is a model of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) disease, demonstrating morphological and hemodynamic features similar to human HLHS cases. Since it relies on mechanical intervention without genetic or pharmacological manipulations, it is a good model for understanding the biomechanics origins of such HLHS malformations. To date, however, the fluid mechanical environment of this model is poorly understood. In the current study, we performed 4D ultrasound imaging of LAL and normal chick embryonic hearts and 4D cardiac flow simulations to help shed light on the mechanical environment that may lead to the HLHS morphology. Results showed that the HH25 LAL atrial function was compromised, and velocities in the ventricle were reduced. The HH25 LAL ventricles developed a more triangular shape with a sharper apex, and in some cases, the atrioventricular junction shifted medially. These changes led to more sluggish flow near the ventricular free wall and apex, where more fluid particles moved in an oscillatory manner with the motion of the ventricular wall, while slowly being washed out, resulting in lower wall shear stresses and higher oscillatory indices. Consequent to these flow conditions, at HH28, even before septation is complete, the left ventricle was found to be hypoplastic while the right ventricle was found to be larger in compensation. Our results suggest that the low and oscillatory flow near the left side of the heart may play a role in causing the HLHS morphology in the LAL model.



中文翻译:

左心房结扎鸡胚模型左心发育不全综合征的流体力学

HH21 鸡胚心脏的左心房结扎 (LAL) 是左心发育不全综合征 (HLHS) 疾病的模型,表现出与人类 HLHS 病例相似的形态学和血流动力学特征。由于它依赖于没有遗传或药理学操作的机械干预,因此它是了解此类 HLHS 畸形的生物力学起源的良好模型。然而,迄今为止,对该模型的流体力学环境知之甚少。在目前的研究中,我们对 LAL 和正常鸡胚心脏进行了 4D 超声成像和 4D 心流模拟,以帮助阐明可能导致 HLHS 形态的机械环境。结果表明,HH25 LAL 心房功能受损,心室速度降低。HH25 LAL 心室形成更尖的三角形,在某些情况下,房室交界处向内侧移动。这些变化导致心室自由壁和心尖附近的流动更加缓慢,其中更多的流体颗粒随着心室壁的运动以振荡方式移动,同时缓慢被冲走,导致壁剪切应力降低,振荡指数升高。由于这些流动条件,在 HH28,甚至在分隔完成之前,发现左心室发育不全,而发现右心室补偿较大。我们的研究结果表明,心脏左侧附近的低和振荡血流可能在 LAL 模型中引起 HLHS 形态。房室交界处向内侧移动。这些变化导致心室自由壁和心尖附近的流动更加缓慢,其中更多的流体颗粒随着心室壁的运动以振荡方式移动,同时缓慢被冲走,导致壁剪切应力降低,振荡指数升高。由于这些流动条件,在 HH28,甚至在分隔完成之前,发现左心室发育不全,而发现右心室补偿较大。我们的研究结果表明,心脏左侧附近的低和振荡血流可能在 LAL 模型中引起 HLHS 形态。房室交界处向内侧移动。这些变化导致心室自由壁和心尖附近的流动更加缓慢,其中更多的流体颗粒随着心室壁的运动以振荡方式移动,同时缓慢被冲走,导致壁剪切应力降低,振荡指数升高。由于这些流动条件,在 HH28,甚至在分隔完成之前,发现左心室发育不全,而发现右心室补偿较大。我们的研究结果表明,心脏左侧附近的低和振荡血流可能在 LAL 模型中引起 HLHS 形态。其中更多的流体颗粒随着心室壁的运动以振荡方式移动,同时缓慢地被冲走,导致更低的壁剪切应力和更高的振荡指数。由于这些流动条件,在 HH28,甚至在分隔完成之前,发现左心室发育不全,而发现右心室补偿较大。我们的研究结果表明,心脏左侧附近的低和振荡血流可能在 LAL 模型中引起 HLHS 形态。其中更多的流体颗粒随着心室壁的运动以振荡方式移动,同时缓慢地被冲走,导致更低的壁剪切应力和更高的振荡指数。由于这些流动条件,在 HH28,甚至在分隔完成之前,发现左心室发育不全,而发现右心室补偿较大。我们的研究结果表明,心脏左侧附近的低和振荡血流可能在 LAL 模型中引起 HLHS 形态。

更新日期:2021-03-28
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