Background More Americans than ever before are identifying as "spiritual but not religious". Both spirituality and religiousness (S/R) are of interest in the addiction field as they are related to alcohol and other drug (AOD) problems and are central to some recovery pathways. Yet, little is known overall about S/R identification among people in recovery, the role these play in aiding recovery, and whether they play more or less of a role for certain sub-groups (e.g., men/women, different races/ethnicities; those with treatment or 12-step histories). Method Nationally representative cross-sectional sample of US adults (N=39,809) screening positive to the question, "Did you use to have a problem with alcohol or drugs but no longer do?" (final weighted sample n= 2,002). Weighted Chi-Square and Poisson-distributed generalized linear mixed models tested for differences in S/R and for differences across subgroups on extent of: 1) religious, and, 2) spiritual, identification, and the extent to which these had aided recovery. Results Participants reported being mostly moderately spiritual and religious, and that, overall, religion had not helped them overcome their AOD problem. In contrast, spirituality was reported as either not helping at all, or having made all the difference. Substantial differences were observed by race-ethnicity across both spirituality and religiousness, and to a lesser degree between men and women. Black Americans reported substantially more S/R than Whites and that these often made all the difference in their recovery. The exact opposite trend was observed for White and Hispanic Americans. Prior professional treatment and 12-step mutual-aid use were both related to greater spirituality, but not religiousness. Conclusion Overall, spirituality but not religion, appears to play a role in aiding recovery particularly among those with prior treatment or 12-step histories, but women and men, and racial-ethnic groups in particular, differ strikingly in their religious and spiritual identification and the role these have played in aiding recovery. These differences raise the question of the potential clinical utility of S/R in personalized treatment.

中文翻译：

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精神和宗教信仰在协助酒精和其他毒品问题的康复中的作用：一项美国国家样品的调查。

背景技术比以往任何时候都更多的美国人认为“精神上的而不是宗教的”。灵性和宗教性（S / R）在成瘾领域都很受关注，因为它们与酒精和其他毒品（AOD）问题有关，并且对于某些康复途径至关重要。然而，人们对于康复中的S / R识别，这些人在帮助康复中所起的作用以及他们是否在某些子群体（例如男人/女人，不同种族/民族）中或多或少地发挥作用的总体了解甚少；具有治疗或12步历史的患者）。方法美国成年人（N = 39,809）的全国代表性横断面样本对以下问题的筛查呈阳性：“您曾经有过酗酒或吸毒的问题，但现在不再这样做了吗？” （最终加权样本n = 2,002）。加权卡方和Poisson分布的广义线性混合模型测试了S / R的差异以及各亚组之间的差异，其程度包括：1）宗教信仰； 2）精神，认同以及这些对恢复的帮助程度。结果参与者报告说，他们大多是中度精神和宗教信仰的人，总体而言，宗教信仰并没有帮助他们克服AOD问题。相反，据报道，灵性根本没有帮助，或已发挥了所有作用。种族精神和宗教信仰在种族和种族之间存在显着差异，男女之间的差异较小。黑人报告的S / R比白人高得多，而且这些常常使他们的康复有所不同。白人和西班牙裔美国人观察到了完全相反的趋势。事先的专业治疗和12步互助使用都与更大的灵性有关，但与宗教性无关。结论总的来说，灵性而非宗教似乎在帮助康复中发挥了作用，尤其是在那些接受过先前治疗或有十二步历史的人中，但无论男女，尤其是种族族裔群体，其宗教和精神认同差异显着。这些在帮助恢复中所起的作用。这些差异提出了S / R在个性化治疗中潜在的临床实用性的问题。但是男女在宗教和精神上的认同以及它们在帮助恢复中所发挥的作用方面却截然不同。这些差异提出了S / R在个性化治疗中潜在的临床实用性的问题。但是男女在宗教和精神上的认同以及它们在帮助恢复中所发挥的作用方面却截然不同。这些差异提出了S / R在个性化治疗中潜在的临床实用性的问题。