The positive affect of rewards is an important contributor to well-being. Reward involves components of pleasure 'liking', motivation 'wanting', and learning. 'Liking' refers to the hedonic impact of positive events, with underlying mechanisms that include hedonic hotspots in limbic brain structures that amplify 'liking' reactions. 'Wanting' refers to incentive salience, a motivational process that makes reward cues attractive and able to trigger craving for their reward, mediated by larger dopamine-related mesocorticolimbic networks. Under normal conditions, 'liking' and 'wanting' cohere. However, 'liking' and 'wanting' can be dissociated by alterations in neural signaling, either induced in animal neuroscience laboratories or arising spontaneously in addictions and other affective disorders, which can be detrimental to positive well-being.

中文翻译：

---

正面影响：喜欢和想要的自然和大脑基础。

奖励的积极影响是幸福感的重要贡献者。奖励包括快乐“喜欢”、动机“想要”和学习。“喜欢”是指积极事件的享乐影响，其潜在机制包括大脑边缘结构中的享乐热点放大“喜欢”反应。“想要”是指激励显着性，一种激励过程，使奖励线索具有吸引力并能够引发对奖励的渴望，由更大的多巴胺相关的中脑边缘网络介导。在正常情况下，“喜欢”和“想要”是连在一起的。然而，“喜欢”和“想要”可以通过神经信号的改变来分离，