While conjugate vaccines against typhoid fever have recently been recommended by the World Health Organization for deployment, the lack of a vaccine against paratyphoid, multidrug resistance and chronic carriage all present challenges for the elimination of enteric fever. In the past decade, the development of in vitro and human challenge models has resulted in major advances in our understanding of enteric fever pathogenesis. In this review, we summarise these advances, outlining mechanisms of host restriction, intestinal invasion, interactions with innate immunity and chronic carriage, and discuss how this knowledge may progress future vaccines and antimicrobials.

中文翻译：

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伤寒沙门氏菌的宿主限制、发病机制和慢性携带。

虽然世界卫生组织最近建议部署伤寒结合疫苗，但缺乏针对副伤寒、多药耐药性和慢性携带的疫苗都对消除肠热提出了挑战。在过去十年中，体外和人体挑战模型的发展使我们对肠热发病机制的理解取得了重大进展。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这些进展，概述了宿主限制、肠道入侵、与先天免疫的相互作用和慢性携带的机制，并讨论了这些知识如何推动未来的疫苗和抗菌药物的发展。