Waste and Biomass Valorization ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s12649-021-01411-3 Ayşe Ezgi Ünlü 1
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Abstract
Olive leaf as an agricultural waste contains valuable bioactive compounds that are mainly used for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Lately the major component, oleuropein, has gained extra attention due to the anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2 that causes Coronavirus disease (Covid-19). In this study, extraction of the bioactive compounds from olive leaves was conducted using a non-conventional and green method. New generation green solvents, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were used in combination with ultrasound assisted extraction. Screening of NADES type, temperature, and particle size were investigated using one-pot-at-a-time method while, NADES amount and liquid-to-solid ratio were optimized using experimental design. The results were evaluated in terms of total polyphenol yield (YTP), total flavonoid yield (YTF) and antiradical activity (AAR). At the optimized conditions, the highest total polyphenol yield and the highest total flavonoid yield were achieved with choline chloride–fructose–water (CFW) (5:2:5) as 187.31 ± 10.3 mg gallic acid equivalent g−1 dw and 12.75 ± 0.6 mg apigenin equivalent g−1 dw, respectively. The extracts were also analyzed for oleuropein, caffeic acid and luteolin contents. The highest amount of oleuropein and caffeic acid were extracted by glucose–fructose–water (GFW) (1:1:11) as 1630.80 mg kg−1 dw and 112.77 mg kg−1 dw, respectively.
Graphic Abstract
中文翻译：
从橄榄叶中绿色和非常规地提取生物活性化合物：新型天然低共熔溶剂的筛选和工艺参数的研究
摘要
橄榄叶作为农业废料含有有价值的生物活性化合物，主要用于制药和化妆品行业。最近，主要成分橄榄苦苷由于对引起冠状病毒病 (Covid-19) 的 SARS-CoV-2 的抗病毒活性而获得了额外的关注。在这项研究中，使用非常规和绿色的方法从橄榄叶中提取生物活性化合物。新一代绿色溶剂、天然低共熔溶剂 (NADES) 与超声辅助萃取结合使用。使用一次一锅法研究了 NADES 类型、温度和粒度的筛选，同时使用实验设计优化了 NADES 量和液固比。结果根据总多酚产率（Y TP)、总黄酮产量 (Y TF ) 和抗自由基活性 (A AR )。在优化条件下，氯化胆碱-果糖-水 (CFW) (5:2:5) 的总多酚产量和总黄酮产量最高，分别为 187.31 ± 10.3 mg 没食子酸当量 g -1 dw 和 12.75 ±分别为0.6 mg 芹菜素当量 g -1 dw。还分析了提取物的橄榄苦苷、咖啡酸和木犀草素含量。葡萄糖-果糖-水 (GFW) (1:1:11) 提取的橄榄苦苷和咖啡酸含量最高，分别为 1630.80 mg kg -1 dw 和112.77 mg kg -1 dw 。
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