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The evolution of red blood cell shape in fishes
Journal of Evolutionary Biology ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 , DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13757
Brenda Oliveira Martins 1 , Lilian Franco-Belussi 2 , Mayara Schueroff Siqueira 2 , Carlos E Fernandes 2 , Diogo B Provete 2, 3
Affiliation  

The size and shape of Red Blood Cells (RBC) provide key information on life history strategies in vertebrates. However, little is known about how RBC shape evolved in response to environmental factors, body size, and the role of evolutionary rate. Here, we analyzed RBC morphometrics in a set of Teleostei (bony fishes) and Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) species testing the hypothesis that phylogenetic relationship explains species occupation of morphospace. We collected data on cell and nucleus area and volume, nucleus:cytoplasm ratio, and shape factor for 65 species belonging to 28 orders. Then, we built phylomorphospaces separately for bony fish and sharks and rays. To test if phylogenetic relationships predicted phenotypic similarity, we calculated multivariate phylogenetic signal. We also estimated the evolutionary rate of RBC shape for each node and tip using ridge regression. Finally, we tested if habitat and body size influenced RBC shape using a PGLS. We found a significant phylogenetic signal in RBC shape for bony fish, but not sharks and rays. Saltwater teleost species were more clustered than freshwater ones in the phylomorphospace, suggesting clade disparity. Accordingly, the rate of evolution was highly heterogeneous, with significant decrease in Acanthopterygii. Neither habitat nor body size influenced RBC shape. In conclusion, RBC shape seem to have evolved in fishes in response to multiple selective pressures independent of life history characters.

中文翻译:

鱼类红细胞形态的演变

红细胞 (RBC) 的大小和形状提供了有关脊椎动物生活史策略的关键信息。然而,人们对 RBC 形状如何响应环境因素、体型和进化速率的作用而进化知之甚少。在这里,我们分析了一组 Teleostei(硬骨鱼)和 Elasmobranchii(鲨鱼和鳐鱼)物种中的 RBC 形态测量学,测试了系统发育关系解释了形态空间的物种占领的假设。我们收集了属于 28 个目的 65 个物种的细胞和细胞核面积和体积、细胞核:细胞质比和形状因子的数据。然后,我们分别为硬骨鱼、鲨鱼和鳐鱼构建了系统形态空间。为了测试系统发育关系是否预测表型相似性,我们计算了多变量系统发育信号。我们还使用岭回归估计了每个节点和尖端的 RBC 形状的进化率。最后,我们使用 PGLS 测试了栖息地和体型是否影响 RBC 形状。我们在硬骨鱼的 RBC 形状中发现了一个重要的系统发育信号,但没有发现鲨鱼和鳐鱼。在系统形态空间中,咸水硬骨鱼物种比淡水物种更聚集,表明进化枝差异。因此,进化速度是高度异质的,棘翅目数量显着减少。栖息地和体型均不影响红细胞形状。总之,RBC 形状似乎已经在鱼类中进化,以响应独立于生活史特征的多种选择压力。我们在硬骨鱼的 RBC 形状中发现了一个重要的系统发育信号,但没有发现鲨鱼和鳐鱼。在系统形态空间中,咸水硬骨鱼物种比淡水物种更聚集,表明进化枝差异。因此,进化速度是高度异质的,棘翅目数量显着减少。栖息地和体型均不影响红细胞形状。总之,RBC 形状似乎已经在鱼类中进化,以响应独立于生活史特征的多种选择压力。我们在硬骨鱼的 RBC 形状中发现了一个重要的系统发育信号,但没有发现鲨鱼和鳐鱼。在系统形态空间中,咸水硬骨鱼物种比淡水物种更聚集,表明进化枝差异。因此,进化速度是高度异质的,棘翅目数量显着减少。栖息地和体型均不影响红细胞形状。总之,RBC 形状似乎已经在鱼类中进化,以响应独立于生活史特征的多种选择压力。
更新日期:2021-01-22
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