The reactivity-regulation model suggests that the origins and maintenance of shyness results from relatively high levels of reactivity in combination with relatively low levels of regulation. Although this model has received some empirical support, there are still issues regarding directionality of the relations among variables and a dearth of studies examining the joint influence of reactivity and regulation on the prospective development of shyness. Using a longitudinal design, we first examined whether the relations among reactivity, regulation, and shyness were unidirectional or bidirectional in a sample of 1284 children (49.8% female, 84.1% White; mean parental education fell between associate degree/diploma and undergraduate degree) assessed annually across three waves from late childhood and early adolescence (Mage = 10.72 years) to adolescence (Mage = 12.42 years) and then examined whether reactivity and regulation interacted to influence the development of shyness over time. At Wave 1, shyness was related to higher levels of reactivity and lower levels of regulation at Wave 2, but neither reactivity nor regulation at Wave 1 predicted shyness at Wave 2. At Wave 2, shyness predicted greater reactivity at Wave 3, but shyness at Wave 3 was only predicted by lower levels of regulation at Wave 2. Contrary to the reactivity-regulation model of shyness, we found that relatively high levels of reactivity and low levels of regulation predicted a steep decrease in shyness over 3 years. These results are discussed in the context of the socioemotional difficulties experienced by shy individuals and demonstrate the importance of empirically evaluating long-standing models of personality development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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在整个青春期产生害羞感：反应性，调节性或两者兼而有之？

反应性调节模型表明，害羞的发生和维持是由于较高水平的反应性和较低水平的调节所致。尽管该模型已经获得了一些经验支持，但是仍然存在变量之间关系的方向性问题，以及缺乏研究研究反应性和调节对害羞的预期发展的联合影响的研究。我们采用纵向设计，首先研究了1284名儿童（女性49.8％，白人84.1％；平均父母教育落在副学士/文凭与本科学位之间）的反应性，调节力和羞怯感之间的关系是单向还是双向的。每年从儿童晚期和青春期开始的三个浪潮中进行评估（法师= 10。72岁）到青春期（法师= 12.42年），然后检查反应性和调节是否相互作用，从而随着时间的推移影响害羞的发展。在第1浪中，害羞与第2浪中较高的反应性和较低的调节水平有关，但第1浪中的反应性和调节均未预测第2浪中的害羞。在第2浪中，害羞度预测在第3浪中具有更高的反应性，但在第3浪中，害羞度预测仅在第2浪中较低的调节水平预测了第3浪。与害羞的反应性-调节模型相反，我们发现相对较高的反应性和低水平的调节性预测了3年内害羞度的急剧下降。这些结果是在害羞的人遇到的社会情感困难的背景下进行讨论的，并证明了根据经验评估长期的人格发展模型的重要性。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。