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Jumping to conclusions: Implications for reasoning errors, false belief, knowledge corruption, and impeded learning.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-30 , DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000375
Carmen Sanchez 1 , David Dunning 2
Affiliation  

In schizophrenia research, patients who "jump to conclusions" in probabilistic reasoning tasks tend to display impaired decision-making and delusional belief. In five studies, we examined whether jumping to conclusions (JTC) was similarly associated with decision impairments in a nonclinical sample, such as reasoning errors, false belief, overconfidence, and diminished learning. In Studies 1a and 1b, JTC was associated with errors stimulated by automatic reasoning, oddball beliefs such as conspiracy theories, and overconfidence. We traced these deficits to an absence of controlled processing rather than to an undue impact of automatic thinking, while ruling out roles for plausible alternative individual differences. In Studies 2 and 3, JTC was associated with higher confidence despite diminished performance in a novel probabilistic learning task (i.e., diagnosing illnesses), in part because those who exhibited JTC behavior were prone to overly exuberant theorizing, with no or little data, about how to approach the task early on. In Study 4, we adapted intervention materials used in schizophrenia treatment to train participants to avoid JCT. The intervention quelled overconfidence in the probabilistic learning task. In summary, this research suggests that a fruitful crosstalk may exist between research on psychopathology and work on social cognition within the general public. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

得出结论:对推理错误,错误信念,知识腐败和学习障碍的暗示。

在精神分裂症研究中,在概率推理任务中“跳到结论”的患者倾向于表现出决策能力受损和妄想。在五项研究中,我们检查了跳至结论(JTC)是否与非临床样本中的决策障碍类似,例如推理错误,错误信念,过度自信和学习减退。在研究1a和1b中,JTC与自动推理,诸如阴谋论和怪异信念之类的过分相信和过度自信引起的错误有关。我们将这些缺陷归因于缺乏可控的处理过程,而不是由于自动思考的不当影响,同时排除了可能存在的替代性个体差异的角色。在研究2和3中,尽管在一项新的概率学习任务(即诊断疾病)中的表现有所下降,但JTC仍具有较高的信心,部分原因是那些表现出JTC行为的人倾向于过分充实的理论,没有或很少有数据关于如何尽早完成任务上。在研究4中,我们调整了用于精神分裂症治疗的干预材料,以培训参与者避免JCT。干预消除了对概率学习任务的过度自信。总而言之,这项研究表明,在心理病理学研究与社会公众对社会认知的研究之间可能存在富有成果的串扰。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2021 APA,保留所有权利)。没有或只有很少的数据,关于如何尽早完成任务。在研究4中,我们调整了用于精神分裂症治疗的干预材料,以培训参与者避免JCT。干预消除了对概率学习任务的过度自信。总而言之,这项研究表明,在心理病理学研究与社会公众对社会认知的研究之间可能存在富有成果的串扰。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2021 APA,保留所有权利)。没有或只有很少的数据,关于如何尽早完成任务。在研究4中,我们调整了用于精神分裂症治疗的干预材料,以培训参与者避免JCT。干预消除了对概率学习任务的过度自信。总而言之,这项研究表明,在心理病理学研究与社会公众对社会认知的研究之间可能存在富有成果的串扰。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2021 APA,保留所有权利)。这项研究表明,心理病理学研究与社会公众对社会认知的研究之间可能存在富有成果的串扰。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2021 APA,保留所有权利)。这项研究表明,心理病理学研究与社会公众对社会认知的研究之间可能存在富有成果的串扰。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2021 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2020-11-30
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