Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) play important roles in the innate immune systems of both plants and animals. Recent breakthroughs in NLR biochemistry and biophysics have revolutionized our understanding of how NLR proteins function in plant immunity. In this review, we summarize the latest findings in plant NLR biology and draw direct comparisons to NLRs of animals. We discuss different mechanisms by which NLRs recognize their ligands in plants and animals. The discovery of plant NLR resistosomes that assemble in a comparable way to animal inflammasomes reinforces the striking similarities between the formation of plant and animal NLR complexes. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms by which plant NLRs mediate immune responses and draw comparisons to similar mechanisms identified in animals. Finally, we summarize the current knowledge of the complex genetic architecture formed by NLRs in plants and animals and the roles of NLRs beyond pathogen detection. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 72 is May 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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植物和动物的细胞内监护人的比较概述：天然免疫及其后的NLR。

核苷酸结合域富含亮氨酸的重复受体（NLR）在动植物的先天免疫系统中起着重要作用。NLR生物化学和生物物理领域的最新突破彻底改变了我们对NLR蛋白如何在植物免疫中发挥作用的理解。在这篇综述中，我们总结了植物NLR生物学的最新发现，并对动物的NLR进行了直接比较。我们讨论了NLR在植物和动物中识别其配体的不同机制。以与动物炎症小体可比的方式组装的植物NLR抗性体的发现加强了植物与动物NLR复合物形成之间的惊人相似性。此外，我们讨论了植物NLR介导免疫反应的机制，并与在动物中鉴定出的类似机制进行了比较。最后，我们总结了NLR在动植物中形成的复杂遗传结构的最新知识以及NLR在病原体检测之外的作用。《植物生物学年度评论》第72卷的最终最终在线发布日期为2021年5月。有关修订的估算，请参见http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。