A surge in research focused on understanding the physical principles governing the formation, properties, and function of membraneless compartments has occurred over the past decade. Compartments such as the nucleolus, stress granules, and nuclear speckles have been designated as biomolecular condensates to describe their shared property of spatially concentrating biomolecules. Although this research has historically been carried out in animal and fungal systems, recent work has begun to explore whether these same principles are relevant in plants. Effectively understanding and studying biomolecular condensates require interdisciplinary expertise that spans cell biology, biochemistry, and condensed matter physics and biophysics. As such, some involved concepts may be unfamiliar to any given individual. This review focuses on introducing concepts essential to the study of biomolecular condensates and phase separation for biologists seeking to carry out research in this area and further examines aspects of biomolecular condensates that are relevant to plant systems. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 72 is May 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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植物中的生物相分离和生物分子冷凝物。

在过去的十年中，研究的热潮集中在理解控制无膜隔室的形成，性质和功能的物理原理上。诸如核仁，应激颗粒和核斑点的隔室已被指定为生物分子缩合物，以描述它们在空间上浓缩的生物分子的共有特性。尽管此研究历来是在动物和真菌系统中进行的，但最近的工作已开始探索这些相同的原理在植物中是否有用。有效地理解和研究生物分子缩合物需要跨学科的专业知识，这些专业知识涵盖细胞生物学，生物化学以及凝聚态物理和生物物理学。因此，某些涉及的概念可能对任何给定的个人都不熟悉。这篇综述的重点是为寻求在该领域进行研究的生物学家介绍生物分子冷凝物和相分离研究必不可少的概念，并进一步研究了与植物系统相关的生物分子冷凝物的各个方面。《植物生物学年度评论》第72卷的最终最终在线发布日期为2021年5月。有关修订的估算，请参见http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。