Birdsong provides a fascinating system to study both behavioral and neural plasticity. Oscine songbirds learn to sing, exhibiting behavioral plasticity both during and after the song-learning process. As a bird learns, its song progresses from a plastic and highly variable vocalization into a more stereotyped, crystallized song. However, even after crystallization, song plasticity can occur: some species' songs become more stereotyped over time, whereas other species can incorporate new song elements. Alongside the changes in song, songbirds' brains are also plastic. Both song and neural connections change with the seasons in many species, and new neurons can be added to the song system throughout life. In this review, we highlight important research on behavioral and neural plasticity at multiple timescales, from song development in juveniles to lifelong modifications of learned song.

中文翻译：

---

鸣禽的歌曲学习和可塑性。

Birdsong 提供了一个迷人的系统来研究行为和神经可塑性。Oscine 鸣禽学习唱歌，在歌曲学习过程中和之后都表现出行为可塑性。随着鸟类的学习，它的歌声从塑料和高度可变的发声发展为更加刻板的、结晶的歌声。然而，即使在结晶之后，歌曲可塑性也会发生：一些物种的歌曲随着时间的推移变得更加刻板，而其他物种可以融入新的歌曲元素。除了歌曲的变化，鸣禽的大脑也是可塑性的。许多物种的歌曲和神经连接都随着季节而变化，并且在整个生命过程中，新的神经元都可以添加到歌曲系统中。在这篇综述中，我们强调了在多个时间尺度上对行为和神经可塑性的重要研究，