Birdsong provides a fascinating system to study both behavioral and neural plasticity. Oscine songbirds learn to sing, exhibiting behavioral plasticity both during and after the song-learning process. As a bird learns, its song progresses from a plastic and highly variable vocalization into a more stereotyped, crystallized song. However, even after crystallization, song plasticity can occur: some species' songs become more stereotyped over time, whereas other species can incorporate new song elements. Alongside the changes in song, songbirds' brains are also plastic. Both song and neural connections change with the seasons in many species, and new neurons can be added to the song system throughout life. In this review, we highlight important research on behavioral and neural plasticity at multiple timescales, from song development in juveniles to lifelong modifications of learned song.

中文翻译：

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鸣禽中的歌曲学习和可塑性。

Birdsong提供了一个有趣的系统来研究行为和神经可塑性。Oscine鸣鸟学会唱歌，并在歌曲学习过程中和之后表现出行为可塑性。随着鸟类的学习，它的歌声从可塑性和高度可变的发声演变为更加刻板，结晶的歌声。但是，即使在结晶之后，歌曲的可塑性也会发生：某些物种的歌曲会随着时间的流逝而更加刻板，而其他物种可能会包含新的歌曲元素。除了歌曲的变化之外，鸣禽的大脑也是可塑的。在许多物种中，歌曲和神经联系都随季节而变化，并且可以在整个生命中将新的神经元添加到歌曲系统中。在这篇评论中，我们重点介绍了在多个时间尺度上有关行为和神经可塑性的重要研究，