当前位置: X-MOL 学术Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Global Governance of Human Genome Editing: What Are the Rules?
Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-111320-091930
Gary E Marchant 1
Affiliation  

Human gene editing, particularly using the new CRISPR/Cas9 technology, will greatly increase the capability to make precise changes to human genomes. Human gene editing can be broken into four major categories: somatic therapy, heritable gene editing, genetic enhancement, and basic and applied research. Somatic therapy is generally well governed by national regulatory systems, so the need for global governance is less urgent. All nations are in agreement that heritable gene editing should not proceed at this time, but there is likely to be divergence if and when such procedures are shown to be safe and effective. Gene editing for enhancement purposes is not feasible today but is more controversial with the public, and many nations do not have well-developed regulatory systems for addressing genetic enhancement. Finally, different nations treat research with human embryos very differently based on deeply embedded social, cultural, ethical, and legal traditions. Several international governance mechanisms are currently in operation for human gene editing, and several other governance mechanisms have been proposed. It is unlikely that any single mechanism will alone be effective for governing human gene editing; rather, a polycentric or ecosystem approach that includes several overlapping and interacting components is likely to be necessary. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics Volume 22 is August 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译:

人类基因组编辑的全球治理:规则是什么?

人类基因编辑,特别是使用新的CRISPR / Cas9技术,将大大提高对人类基因组进行精确改变的能力。人类基因编辑可分为四个主要类别:体细胞疗法,可遗传基因编辑,遗传增强以及基础研究和应用研究。体细胞疗法通常由国家监管系统很好地管理,因此对全球治理的需求就不那么紧迫了。所有国家都同意,此时不应进行可遗传基因编辑,但是如果这种程序被证明是安全有效的,则可能存在分歧。用于增强目的的基因编辑在当今尚不可行,但在公众中争议更大,而且许多国家还没有完善的用于解决基因增强的法规体系。最后,不同国家/地区基于深层的社会,文化,道德和法律传统,对人类胚胎的研究差别很大。目前正在运行几种国际治理机制来进行人类基因编辑,并且已经提出了其他几种治理机制。任何单一的机制都不可能单独有效地调控人类基因编辑。相反,可能有必要采用包含多个重叠且相互作用的组件的多中心或生态系统方法。《基因组学和人类遗传学年度评论》第22卷的最终最终预期发布日期是2021年8月。有关修订的估算,请参见http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。目前正在运行几种国际治理机制来进行人类基因编辑,并且已经提出了其他几种治理机制。任何单一的机制都不可能单独有效地调控人类基因编辑。相反,可能有必要采用包含多个重叠且相互作用的组件的多中心或生态系统方法。《基因组学和人类遗传学年度评论》第22卷的最终最终预期发布日期是2021年8月。有关修订的估算,请参见http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。目前正在运行几种国际治理机制来进行人类基因编辑,并且已经提出了其他几种治理机制。任何单一的机制都不可能单独有效地调控人类基因编辑。相反,可能有必要采用包含多个重叠且相互作用的组件的多中心或生态系统方法。《基因组学和人类遗传学年度评论》第22卷的最终最终预期发布日期是2021年8月。有关修订的估算,请参见http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。可能需要采用包含多个重叠且相互作用的组件的多中心或生态系统方法。《基因组学和人类遗传学年度评论》第22卷的最终最终预期发布日期是2021年8月。有关修订的估算,请参见http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。可能需要采用包含多个重叠且相互作用的组件的多中心或生态系统方法。《基因组学和人类遗传学年度评论》第22卷的最终最终预期发布日期是2021年8月。有关修订的估算,请参见http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
更新日期:2021-03-05
down
wechat
bug