Shame has been found to be a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). To date, there is no existing systematic review or meta-analysis examining shame in individuals with BPD as compared to healthy controls (HCs). A meta-analysis of 10 studies comparing reported shame in BPD patients to HCs was carried out. Demographic and clinical moderator variables were included to see if they have a relationship with the effect size. Results showed that those with BPD had more reported shame than healthy controls. In addition, in BPD patients and HCs, higher education level was related to lower reported shame. In HCs, it was found that those who were younger reported a higher level of shame. Finally, among BPD patients, there was a relationship between levels of reported shame and elevated PTSD symptomatology. These findings emphasize the clinical relevance of shame in individuals with BPD and the need to formulate psychotherapeutic strategies that target and decrease shame.

中文翻译：

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边缘型人格障碍的耻辱：元分析。

羞耻已被发现是边缘型人格障碍（BPD）的核心特征。迄今为止，尚无现有的系统评价或荟萃分析来检查 BPD 患者与健康对照 (HC) 相比的羞耻感。对 10 项研究进行了荟萃分析，将 BPD 患者报告的羞耻感与 HC 进行了比较。人口统计学和临床​​调节变量被包括在内，以查看它们是否与效应大小有关。结果表明，患有 BPD 的人比健康对照者报告的羞耻感更多。此外，在 BPD 患者和 HC 中，较高的教育水平与较低的报告羞耻感有关。在 HCs 中，发现那些年轻的人报告的羞耻程度更高。最后，在 BPD 患者中，报告的羞耻程度与 PTSD 症状升高之间存在关系。