Congruent visual cues augment sensitivity to brief olfactory presentations and habituation of odor perception is modulated by central-cognitive processing including context. However, it is not known whether habituation to odors could interact with cross-modal congruent stimuli. The present research investigated the effect of visual congruence on odor detection sensitivity during continuous odor exposures. We utilized a multimethod approach, including subjective behavioral responses and reaction times (RTs; study 1) and electroencephalography (EEG, study 2). Study 1: 25 participants received 2-min presentations of moderate-intensity floral odor delivered via olfactometer with congruent (flower) and incongruent (object) image presentations. Participants indicated odor perception after each image. Detection sensitivity and RTs were analyzed in epochs covering the period of habituation. Study 2: 25 new participants underwent EEG recordings during 145-s blocks of odor presentations with congruent or incongruent images. Participants passively observed images and intermittently rated the perceived intensity of odor. Event-related potential analysis was utilized to evaluate brain processing related to odor-visual pairs across the period of habituation. Odor detection sensitivity and RTs were improved by congruent visual cues. Results highlighted a diminishing influence of visual congruence on odor detection sensitivity as habituation occurred. Event-related potential analysis revealed an effect of congruency on electrophysiological processing in the N400 component. This was only evident in early periods of odor exposure when perception was strong. For the first time, this demonstrates the modulation of central processing of odor-visual pairs by habituation. Frontal negativity (N400) responses encode the aspects of cross-modal congruence for odor-vision cross-modal tasks.

中文翻译：

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行为和电生理研究视觉习惯对长期气味的居住过程中嗅觉敏感性的影响。

一致的视觉提示增强了对简短嗅觉表现的敏感性，并且通过包括上下文在内的中央认知处理来调节气味感知的习惯。然而，尚不清楚对气味的适应是否会与跨模态的全等刺激相互作用。本研究调查了连续气味暴露期间视觉一致性对气味检测灵敏度的影响。我们采用了多种方法，包括主观行为反应和反应时间（RTs；研究1）和脑电图（EEG，研究2）。研究1：25名参与者通过嗅觉计在2分钟的演示中表现出中等强度的花香，并具有全等（花朵）和非全等（对象）图像演示。参与者在每张图像后都表示有异味。在涵盖适应期的时期内分析检测灵敏度和RT。研究2：在145 s的气味呈现期间，有25位新参与者进行了脑电图记录，并带有一致或不一致的图像。参与者被动地观察图像，并间歇地评估所感知的气味强度。事件相关的电位分析被用来评估在习惯化过程中与视觉视觉对有关的大脑加工。一致的视觉提示改善了气味检测的灵敏度和RT。结果表明，随着习惯的出现，视觉一致性对气味检测灵敏度的影响逐渐减弱。与事件相关的电位分析显示，一致性对N400组件中的电生理处理有影响。这仅在强烈的知觉下，在气味接触的早期阶段就很明显。这首次证明了习惯化对气味-视觉对的集中处理的调节。额叶负性（N400）响应编码了气味视觉跨模态任务的跨模态一致性方面。