A cyclic voltammetry electrochemical sensing chip was implemented with a time-based readout circuit and a current feedback control loop for wide-range and high-linearity current detection. The design utilizes a chopper-stabilized, low-noise potentiostat circuit and a delay chain time-to-digital converter to improve accuracy and the conversion rate. A current feedback loop is employed to mitigate nonlinearity of the current-to-frequency converter. Also, an on-chip pattern generator with a current reducer is used to create area-efficient, multi-rate ramp signals for cyclic voltammetry and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry measurements. The chip is fabricated using a 0.18-μm CMOS process. It achieves an 8-nA current resolution in the current range of −7 μA to 10 μA with an R ² linearity of 0.999 while consuming 19 μW. The Allan deviation floor is 4.83 Hz at the 7-second integration window, resulting in an 87-pArms input-referred current noise. The applicable limit of detection for K ₃ [Fe(CN) ₆ ] concentration is 31 pM. To measure various reactions, the scan rate can be adjusted from 0.008 V/s to 400 V/s with a throughput data rate of up to 50 kS/s.

中文翻译：

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19 μW、50 kS/s、0.008-400 V/s 循环伏安读出接口，具有电流反馈环路和片上模式生成

使用基于时间的读出电路和电流反馈控制回路实现了循环伏安电化学传感芯片，用于宽范围和高线性度的电流检测。该设计采用斩波稳定、低噪声恒电位仪电路和延迟链时间数字转换器来提高精度和转换速率。电流反馈回路用于减轻电流-频率转换器的非线性。此外，带有电流降低器的片上模式发生器用于为循环伏安法和快速扫描循环伏安法测量创建面积有效的多速率斜坡信号。该芯片采用 0.18-μm CMOS 工艺制造。它在 -7 μA 至 10 μA 的电流范围内实现了 8nA 的电流分辨率，R ²线性度为 0.999，同时消耗 19 μW。在 7 秒积分窗口处，艾伦偏差下限为 4.83 Hz，从而产生 87-pArms 输入参考电流噪声。_{K 3} [Fe(CN) ₆ ] 浓度的适用检测限 为 31 pM。为了测量各种反应，扫描速率可以从 0.008 V/s 调整到 400 V/s，吞吐量数据速率高达 50 kS/s。