A cyclic voltammetry electrochemical sensing chip was implemented with a time-based readout circuit and a current feedback control loop for wide-range and high-linearity current detection. The design utilizes a chopper-stabilized, low-noise potentiostat circuit and a delay chain time-to-digital converter to improve accuracy and the conversion rate. A current feedback loop is employed to mitigate nonlinearity of the current-to-frequency converter. Also, an on-chip pattern generator with a current reducer is used to create area-efficient, multi-rate ramp signals for cyclic voltammetry and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry measurements. The chip is fabricated using a 0.18-μm CMOS process. It achieves an 8-nA current resolution in the current range of -7 A to 10 A with an R2 linearity of 0.999 while consuming 19 W. The Allan deviation floor is 4.83 Hz at the 7-second integration window, resulting in an 87-pArms input-referred current noise. The applicable limit of detection for K3[Fe(CN)6] concentration is 31 pM. To measure various reactions, the scan rate can be adjusted from 0.008 V/s to 400 V/s with a throughput data rate of up to 50 kS/s.

中文翻译：

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一个19 W，50 kS / s，0.008-400V / s的循环伏安法读数接口，具有电流反馈环路和片上图形生成。

循环伏安电化学传感芯片采用基于时间的读出电路和电流反馈控制回路实现，可进行宽范围和高线性度的电流检测。该设计利用斩波稳定的低噪声稳压器电路和延迟链时间数字转换器来提高精度和转换率。采用电流反馈环路来减轻电流-频率转换器的非线性。同样，带有电流降低器的片上图形发生器用于创建面积有效的多速率斜坡信号，用于循环伏安法和快速扫描循环伏安法测量。该芯片采用0.18μmCMOS工艺制造。它在-7 A至10 A的电流范围内达到8-nA的电流分辨率，R2线性度为0.999，而消耗的功率为19W。Allan偏差底限为4。在7秒积分窗口处为83 Hz，从而产生87pArms输入参考的电流噪声。K3 [Fe（CN）6]浓度的适用检测极限为31 pM。为了测量各种反应，可以将扫描速率从0.008 V / s调整到400 V / s，吞吐数据速率高达50 kS / s。