As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to be a multidimensional threat to humanity, more evidence of neurological involvement associated with it has emerged. Neuroimmune interaction may prove to be important not only in the pathogenesis of neurological manifestations but also to prevent systemic hyperinflammation. In this review, we summarize reports of COVID-19 cases with neurological involvement, followed by discussion of possible routes of entry, immune responses against coronavirus infection in the central nervous system and mechanisms of nerve degeneration due to viral infection and immune responses. Possible mechanisms for neuroprotection and virus-associated neurological consequences are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 的神经系统受累：从神经侵袭和神经免疫串扰到长期后果

由于 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行继续对人类构成多维威胁，因此出现了更多与之相关的神经系统受累的证据。神经免疫相互作用可能被证明不仅在神经系统表现的发病机制中很重要，而且对预防全身性过度炎症也很重要。在这篇综述中，我们总结了神经系统受累的 COVID-19 病例报告，随后讨论了可能的进入途径、中枢神经系统中针对冠状病毒感染的免疫反应以及病毒感染和免疫反应引起的神经变性机制。还讨论了神经保护和病毒相关神经学后果的可能机制。