Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) constitutes an enigmatic amnestic condition. In view of the admittedly limited knowledge regarding the nature of TGA, we decided to systematically review existing evidence for the generally regarded benign course of the disease. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and PsycINFO were searched for relevant articles. Observational (case-control, cross-sectional and cohort) controlled studies were retrieved. TGA diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic criteria of Caplan, validated by Hodges and Warlow. The TGA group was compared with either healthy controls (HC) or/and individuals with transient ischaemic attacks (TIA). The long-term risks of dementia, epilepsy, psychological-emotional disturbances, as well as long-term vascular and (vascular or nonvascular) mortality risks, were evaluated. Quality assessment was based on the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Literature search provided 12 eligible articles. Retrospective, prospective or mixed cohort designs were implemented in every study. Five articles registered a high quality, five registered a moderate quality, while two articles were assessed as part of the grey literature (conference abstract, abstract in English-article in Spanish). Overall, retrieved evidence was suggestive of similar vascular and mortality risks in TGA patients and HC, while TIA individuals exhibited elevated risks. Moreover, psychological disturbances were comparable between TGA and healthy individuals. On the other hand, studies for dementia and epilepsy obtained contradictory results, indicating both a similar and an increased risk in the TGA group compared to the HC group. Therefore, additional high-quality studies are warranted for the acquisition of more determining conclusions regarding the long-term risk of dementia and epilepsy in TGA.

中文翻译：

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暂时性全球遗忘症的长期预后：系统评价

暂时性全球健忘症 (TGA) 是一种神秘的健忘症。鉴于对 TGA 性质的公认有限的知识，我们决定系统地审查普遍认为的良性病程的现有证据。在 MEDLINE、EMBASE、CENTRAL 和 PsycINFO 中搜索相关文章。检索了观察性（病例对照、横断面和队列）对照研究。TGA 诊断根据 Caplan 的诊断标准进行，并得到 Hodges 和 Warlow 的验证。将 TGA 组与健康对照 (HC) 或/和短暂性脑缺血发作 (TIA) 的个体进行比较。评估了痴呆、癫痫、心理情绪障碍的长期风险，以及长期血管和（血管或非血管）死亡风险。质量评估基于纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表。文献检索提供了 12 篇符合条件的文章。每项研究均采用回顾性、前瞻性或混合队列设计。五篇文章质量高，五篇质量中等，两篇文章被评估为灰色文献的一部分（会议摘要，英文摘要-西班牙语文章）。总体而言，检索到的证据表明 TGA 患者和 HC 的血管和死亡风险相似，而 TIA 个体则表现出较高的风险。此外，TGA 和健康个体之间的心理障碍具有可比性。另一方面，痴呆和癫痫的研究得到了相互矛盾的结果，表明与 HC 组相比，TGA 组的风险相似，但风险增加。所以，