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When things go wrong: exploring possible mechanisms driving the progressive fibrosis phenotype in interstitial lung diseases
European Respiratory Journal ( IF 16.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-09 , DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04507-2020
Moisés Selman 1 , Annie Pardo 2
Affiliation  

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) comprise a large and heterogeneous group of disorders of known and unknown aetiology characterised by diffuse damage of the lung parenchyma. In recent years it has become evident that patients with different types of ILD are at risk of developing progressive pulmonary fibrosis, known as progressive fibrosing ILD (PF-ILD). This is a phenotype that behaves similar to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the archetypical example of progressive fibrosis. PF-ILD is not a distinct clinical entity but describes a group of ILDs with similar clinical behaviour. This phenotype may occur in diseases displaying distinct aetiologies and different biopathology during their initiation and development. Importantly, these entities may have the potential for improvement or stabilisation prior to entering the progressive fibrosing phase. The crucial questions are: 1) why does a subset of patients develop a progressive and irreversible fibrotic phenotype even with appropriate treatment? and 2) what are the possible pathogenic mechanisms driving progression? Here, we provide a framework highlighting putative mechanisms underlying progression, including genetic susceptibility, ageing, epigenetics, structural fibrotic distortion, aberrant composition and stiffness of the extracellular matrix, and the emergence of distinct pro-fibrotic cell subsets. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind PF-ILD will provide the basis for identifying risk factors and appropriate therapeutic strategies.



中文翻译:

当出现问题时:探索驱动间质性肺疾病进行性纤维化表型的可能机制

间质性肺病 (ILD) 包括一大组异质性疾病,其病因已知和未知,特征为肺实质弥漫性损伤。近年来,很明显,患有不同类型 ILD 的患者有发生进行性肺纤维化的风险,称为进行性纤维化 ILD (PF-ILD)。这是一种表现类似于特发性肺纤维化的表型,这是进行性纤维化的典型例子。PF-ILD 不是一个独特的临床实体,而是描述了一组具有相似临床行为的 ILD。这种表型可能发生在疾病的发生和发展过程中表现出不同病因和不同生物病理学的疾病中。重要的是,这些实体在进入渐进纤维化阶段之前可能有改善或稳定的潜力。关键问题是:1)为什么即使经过适当的治疗,一部分患者也会出现进行性和不可逆的纤维化表型?2) 推动进展的可能致病机制是什么?在这里,我们提供了一个框架,突出了潜在的进展机制,包括遗传易感性、衰老、表观遗传学、结构纤维化畸变、细胞外基质的异常组成和刚度,以及不同促纤维化细胞亚群的出现。了解 PF-ILD 背后的细胞和分子机制将为识别风险因素和适当的治疗策略提供基础。1) 为什么即使经过适当的治疗,一部分患者仍会出现进行性和不可逆的纤维化表型?2) 推动进展的可能致病机制是什么?在这里,我们提供了一个框架,突出了潜在的进展机制,包括遗传易感性、衰老、表观遗传学、结构纤维化畸变、细胞外基质的异常组成和刚度,以及不同促纤维化细胞亚群的出现。了解 PF-ILD 背后的细胞和分子机制将为识别风险因素和适当的治疗策略提供基础。1) 为什么即使经过适当的治疗,一部分患者仍会出现进行性和不可逆的纤维化表型?2) 推动进展的可能致病机制是什么?在这里,我们提供了一个框架,突出了潜在的进展机制,包括遗传易感性、衰老、表观遗传学、结构纤维化畸变、细胞外基质的异常组成和刚度,以及不同促纤维化细胞亚群的出现。了解 PF-ILD 背后的细胞和分子机制将为识别风险因素和适当的治疗策略提供基础。细胞外基质的异常组成和硬度,以及不同促纤维化细胞亚群的出现。了解 PF-ILD 背后的细胞和分子机制将为识别风险因素和适当的治疗策略提供基础。细胞外基质的异常组成和硬度,以及不同促纤维化细胞亚群的出现。了解 PF-ILD 背后的细胞和分子机制将为识别风险因素和适当的治疗策略提供基础。

更新日期:2021-09-09
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