Prospective memory (PM) is a critical determinant of whether a person is able to lead an independent life. Because PM declines in late adulthood, an important question is therefore whether, and if so, which types, of PM interventions might lead to meaningful benefits. In the present study, we randomly assigned older adults to one of four conditions, in three of which participants received a structured PM intervention (Restorative, Compensatory, and Combined Restorative and Compensatory); the fourth was an Active Control condition. The results showed that there were significant gains on the PM training task used for both the Restorative and Combined conditions. We then analyzed change in PM tasks that were independent of the PM training task (Near Transfer). Only the Combined condition led to post-training improvement. Finally, we analyzed performance on measures of untrained cognitive abilities and everyday functioning: Far transfer effects were not evident for any intervention. These data align with prior literature in showing that interventions that target a single cognitive ability do not reliably generate far transfer effects, and additionally extend our understanding of these effects in two important ways. Firstly, they indicate that, even when the memory challenges that older adults are most concerned about are the direct target of restorative training, transfer effects to untrained cognitive domains may be difficult to achieve. Secondly, they indicate that for older adults whose primary goal is to enhance PM function, combining Restorative and Compensatory approaches is an effective approach. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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着眼未来：测试竞争性前瞻性记忆干预。

前瞻记忆 (PM) 是决定一个人是否能够独立生活的关键因素。由于 PM 在成年后期下降，因此一个重要的问题是，PM 干预是否以及如果是，哪些类型的 PM 干预可能会带来有意义的益处。在本研究中，我们将老年人随机分配到四种情况中的一种，其中三种情况的参与者接受了结构化 PM 干预（恢复性、补偿性以及恢复性和补偿性组合）；第四个是主动控制条件。结果表明，在恢复性和组合条件下使用的 PM 训练任务都有显着的收益。然后我们分析了独立于 PM 训练任务（Near Transfer）的 PM 任务的变化。只有组合条件导致了训练后的改进。最后，我们分析了未经训练的认知能力和日常功能测量的表现：对于任何干预，远转移效应都不明显。这些数据与先前的文献一致，表明针对单一认知能力的干预不能可靠地产生远转移效应，并且另外以两种重要方式扩展了我们对这些效应的理解。首先，他们表明，即使老年人最关心的记忆挑战是恢复性训练的直接目标，转移到未经训练的认知领域的效果也可能难以实现。其次，他们指出，对于主要目标是增强 PM 功能的老年人，将恢复性和补偿性方法相结合是一种有效的方法。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。