Adolescent psychopathological (i.e., internalizing and externalizing) symptoms are quite prevalent and decrease well-being in adulthood. Parental symptoms can put adolescents at risk for developing psychopathological symptoms. This study examined the reciprocal, longitudinal associations between parental and adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms between and within families, using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs). Participants were 497 Dutch adolescents (43.1% girls; Mage T₁ = 13.0 years; mostly medium to high socioeconomic backgrounds) and their parents from the general population. Across six years, adolescents and their mothers and fathers reported annually on their internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Between families, maternal, but not paternal internalizing and externalizing symptoms were consistently associated with adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms, while within families, only increases in adolescent internalizing symptoms predicted subsequent increases in maternal internalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that associations within families differ from associations between families, and that within-family processes in the transmission of internalizing symptoms are particularly driven by adolescent-to-mother effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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检查精神病理学的代际传递：父母和青少年在整个青春期内化和外化症状之间的关联。

青少年精神病理学（即内化和外化）症状非常普遍，并且会降低成年期的幸福感。父母的症状会使青少年面临出现精神病理学症状的风险。本研究使用随机截距交叉滞后面板模型 (RI-CLPM) 检查了父母和青少年在家庭之间和内部的内化和外化症状之间的相互纵向关联。参与者是 497 名荷兰青少年（43.1% 是女孩；Mage T₁ = 13.0 岁；主要是中高社会经济背景）和他们来自一般人群的父母。六年来，青少年及其父母每年都会报告他们的内化和外化症状。家庭、母亲之间，但不是父亲的内化和外化症状始终与青少年内化和外化症状相关，而在家庭内部，只有青少年内化症状的增加才能预测随后母亲内化症状的增加。这些研究结果表明，家庭内部的关联不同于家庭之间的关联，并且内化症状传播的家庭内部过程特别受青少年对母亲的影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。这些研究结果表明，家庭内部的关联不同于家庭之间的关联，并且内化症状传播的家庭内部过程特别受青少年对母亲的影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。这些研究结果表明，家庭内部的关联不同于家庭之间的关联，并且内化症状传播的家庭内部过程特别受青少年对母亲的影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。