OBJECTIVE Prior research indicates disguise negatively affects lineup identifications but the mechanisms by which disguise works have not been explored and different disguises have not been compared. We investigated how two different types of disguise, four levels of varying degrees of coverage, and lineup type influence eyewitnesses' identification decisions, accuracy, and confidence. HYPOTHESES We predicted that identification accuracy would decrease as the disguise covered more of a perpetrator's face. We also predicted that type of disguise-stocking mask versus sunglasses and/or toque (i.e., knitted hat)-would influence identifications, but we had conflicting predictions about which disguise would impair their performance more. METHOD In two experiments (Ns = 87 and 91) we manipulated degree of coverage by two different types of disguise: a stocking mask or sunglasses and toque. Participants viewed mock-crime videos followed by simultaneous or sequential lineups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Disguise and lineup type did not interact. In support of the view that disguise prevents encoding, identification accuracy generally decreased with degree of disguise. For the stocking disguise, however, full and 2/3 coverage led to approximately the same rate of correct identifications-which suggests that disrupting encoding of specific features may be as detrimental as disrupting a whole face. Accuracy was most affected by sunglasses and we discuss the role meta-cognitions may have played. Lineup selections decreased more slowly than accuracy as coverage by disguise increased, indicating witnesses are insensitive to the effect of encoding conditions on accuracy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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伪装对同时和顺序排列的识别决策和置信度的影响。

目的先前的研究表明，伪装会对阵容识别产生负面影响，但尚未探索伪装工作的机制，也没有对不同的伪装进行比较。我们调查了两种不同类型的伪装，四种不同程度的覆盖范围以及阵容类型如何影响目击者的识别决策，准确性和置信度。假设我们预测，伪装会掩盖更多犯罪者的面部，身份识别的准确性将会降低。我们还预测了伪装面具相对于太阳镜和/或无边帽（即针织帽）的类型会影响识别的能力，但我们对哪种伪装会进一步削弱其性能的预测存在矛盾。方法在两个实验（Ns分别为87和91）中，我们通过两种不同类型的伪装来操纵覆盖范围：放养口罩或太阳镜和转矩。参与者观看了模拟犯罪视频，然后依次观看或依次观看了阵容。结果与结论伪装和阵容类型没有相互作用。为了支持伪装阻止编码的观点，识别准确性通常随伪装程度而降低。但是，对于库存伪装，完整覆盖率和2/3覆盖率导致大约相同的正确识别率，这表明破坏特定特征的编码可能与破坏整个面孔一样有害。准确性受太阳镜的影响最大，我们讨论了元认知可能发挥的作用。随着伪装覆盖率的增加，阵容选择的下降速度要比准确性下降的速度慢，表明证人对编码条件对准确性的影响不敏感。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。