D iamond’s model is simple and straightforward, two characteristics that recommend it. He aims to integrate the two broad categories of unconscious defense in psychoanalysis, dissociation and repression, and then add splitting to the model. On repression, he takes the usual view: repression is the unconsciously motivated removal of mental contents from awareness that have already attained verbal-symbolic form. Dissociation, by contrast, is the “segregation” (a word Diamond often uses and that I like) or sequestration of mental contents that have not yet attained verbal-symbolic representation. Because these contents cannot be worded, they cannot become conscious (at least not in Diamond’s model, in which, as in Freud’s (Breuer and Freud 1893; Freud 1895, 1915), consciousness requires verbal-symbolic representation) and therefore cannot be forgotten. Such psychic contents were never conscious, really, in the first place. They are registered only on the somatic level, and so when they threaten the stability of the mind, segregation is the only way to deal with them. Diamond recognizes two different kinds of dissociation. Primary dissociation, the conception often used by trauma theorists, who are often not identified with psychoanalysis, comes into play in response to trauma, and is an “unconscious protective autoregulation that keeps psychic

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解离多重性和未表述的经验：对钻石的评论

钻石的模型简单明了，推荐它的两个特点。他的目标是将精神分析中的两大类无意识防御、分离和压抑整合起来，然后将分裂添加到模型中。关于压抑，他采取通常的观点：压抑是无意识地从意识中去除已经达到语言符号形式的心理内容。相比之下，分离是对尚未获得语言符号表示的心理内容的“隔离”（钻石经常使用的一个词，我喜欢）或隔离。因为这些内容无法用语言表达，所以它们不能成为有意识的（至少在戴蒙德的模型中不是这样，在弗洛伊德的模型中（Breuer and Freud 1893; Freud 1895, 1915），意识需要语言符号表示），因此不能被遗忘。这种精神内容从来没有被意识到，真的，首先。它们仅在躯体层面上被记录，因此当它们威胁到心灵的稳定时，隔离是处理它们的唯一方法。Diamond 识别两种不同的解离。初级分离是创伤理论家经常使用的概念，他们通常不认同精神分析，在应对创伤时发挥作用，是一种“无意识的保护性自动调节，可以保持精神状态” Diamond 识别两种不同的解离。初级分离是创伤理论家经常使用的概念，他们通常不认同精神分析，在应对创伤时发挥作用，是一种“无意识的保护性自动调节，可以保持精神状态” Diamond 识别两种不同的解离。初级分离是创伤理论家经常使用的概念，他们通常不认同精神分析，在应对创伤时发挥作用，是一种“无意识的保护性自动调节，可以保持精神状态”