ABSTRACT

Lipid droplets (LDs) contribute to key pathways important for the physiology and pathophysiology of cells. In a homeostatic view, LDs regulate the storage of neutral lipids, protein sequestration, removal of toxic lipids and cellular communication; however, recent advancements in the field show these organelles as essential for various cellular stress response mechanisms, including inflammation and immunity, with LDs acting as hubs that integrate metabolic and inflammatory processes. The accumulation of LDs has become a hallmark of infection, and is often thought to be virally driven; however, recent evidence is pointing to a role for the upregulation of LDs in the production of a successful immune response to viral infection. The fatty acids housed in LDs are also gaining interest due to the role that these lipid species play during viral infection, and their link to the synthesis of bioactive lipid mediators that have been found to have a very complex role in viral infection. This review explores the role of LDs and their subsequent lipid mediators during viral infections and poses a paradigm shift in thinking in the field, whereby LDs may play pivotal roles in protecting the host against viral infection.

中文翻译：

---

病毒感染和免疫中的脂滴和脂质介质

摘要

脂滴（LD）有助于对细胞生理学和病理生理学重要的关键途径。从稳态的角度来看，LDs 调节中性脂质的储存、蛋白质的隔离、有毒脂质的去除和细胞通讯；然而，该领域的最新进展表明，这些细胞器对于各种细胞应激反应机制（包括炎症和免疫）至关重要，而 LD 充当整合代谢和炎症过程的中枢。LD 的积累已成为感染的标志，并且通常被认为是由病毒驱动的；然而，最近的证据表明 LD 的上调在对病毒感染产生成功的免疫反应中发挥着作用。LD 中的脂肪酸也引起了人们的兴趣，因为这些脂质种类在病毒感染期间发挥的作用，以及它们与生物活性脂质介质合成的联系，这些介质已被发现在病毒感染中具有非常复杂的作用。这篇综述探讨了 LD 及其随后的脂质介质在病毒感染过程中的作用，并提出了该领域思维范式的转变，即 LD 可能在保护宿主免受病毒感染方面发挥关键作用。