Background: Solanum lycocarpum is a medicinal plant used in Brazil with hypoglycemic activity by its fruits use. However, the fruits production is restricted in some periods of the year, differently of leaves.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of S. lycocarpum leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.

Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. lycocarpum was characterized by phytochemical and GCMS analysis. The Antidiabetic activity was assessed following treatment for 22 days with S. lycocarpum extract at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg. Bodyweight, water, and food intake, glycemia, biochemical parameters, anatomy-histopathology of the pancreas, liver and kidney, and expression of target genes were analyzed. In addition, oral acute toxicity was evaluated.

Results: Animals treated showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in glycemia following a dose of 125 mg/kg. Food intake remained similar for all groups. Decreased polydipsia symptoms were observed after treatment with 250 (p < 0.001) and 500 mg/kg (p < 0.01) compared with diabetic control, although normal rates were observed when 125 mg/kg was administered. A protective effect was also observed in the pancreas, liver, and kidneys, through the regeneration of the islets. Hypoglycemic activity can be attributed to myo-inositol, which stimulates insulin secretion, associated with α-tocopherol, which prevents damage from oxidative stress and apoptosis of β-pancreatic cells by an increased Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) mRNA expression. The toxicological test demonstrated safe oral use of the extract under the present conditions.

Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. lycocarpum promotes the regulation of diabetes in the case of moderate glycemic levels, by decreasing glycemia and exerting protective effects on the islets.

背景：Solanum lycocarpum 是一种在巴西使用的药用植物，通过其果实使用具有降血糖活性。然而，水果生产在一年中的某些时期受到限制，不同的叶子。

目的：评价石蒜叶水醇提取物对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠的影响。

方法：通过植物化学和 GCMS 分析对 S. lycocarpum 的水醇提取物进行表征。在用 125、250 和 500 mg/kg 的 S.lycocarpum 提取物处理 22 天后评估抗糖尿病活性。分析了体重、水和食物摄入量、血糖、生化参数、胰腺、肝脏和肾脏的解剖-组织病理学以及靶基因的表达。此外，还评估了口服急性毒性。

结果：接受治疗的动物在 125 mg/kg 剂量后血糖显着降低（p < 0.05）。所有组的食物摄入量保持相似。与糖尿病对照组相比，用 250 (p < 0.001) 和 500 mg/kg (p < 0.01) 治疗后观察到烦渴症状减少，尽管在给予 125 mg/kg 时观察到正常率。通过胰岛的再生，在胰腺、肝脏和肾脏中也观察到了保护作用。降血糖活性可归因于肌醇，它刺激胰岛素分泌，与 α-生育酚相关，通过增加的过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 4 (GPX4) mRNA 表达防止氧化应激损伤和 β-胰腺细胞凋亡.

结论：S. lycocarpum 的水醇提取物通过降低血糖和对胰岛发挥保护作用，在中等血糖水平的情况下促进糖尿病的调节。