Psychologists often posit relatively straightforward attitude-behavior links. They also often study cultural arrangements as manifestations of attitudes and values writ large. However, we illustrate some difficulties with scaling up attitude-behavior principles from the individual-level to the cultural-level: Historical attitudes and values can lead to the creation of intermediating institutions, whose value-expressive functions may be at odds with the behavioral outcomes they produce. Through "institutional inversion," institutions may facilitate rather than inhibit stigmatized behavior. Here we examine attitudes and behavior related to debt, contrast historically Protestant versus Catholic places, and show how cultural attitudes against debt may lead to the creation of institutions that increase-rather than decrease-borrowing. Historical antidebt attitudes in Protestant places have led to contemporary households in Protestant cultures now carrying the highest debt loads. We discuss the importance of supply side factors, attitude → institutions → behavior causal chains, and some blind spots that lead to unintended consequences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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态度、行为和制度倒置：债务案例。

心理学家通常假设相对直接的态度-行为联系。他们还经常将文化安排作为态度和价值观的表现形式进行研究。然而，我们说明了将态度行为原则从个人层面扩展到文化层面的一些困难：历史态度和价值观可能导致中介机构的创建，其价值表达功能可能与行为结果不一致他们生产。通过“制度倒置”，制度可能会促进而不是抑制被污名化的行为。在这里，我们研究了与债务相关的态度和行为，对比了历史上新教与天主教的地方，并展示了对债务的文化态度如何导致建立增加而不是减少借款的制度。新教地方的历史反债务态度导致新教文化中的当代家庭现在背负着最高的债务负担。我们讨论供应方因素的重要性，态度→制度→行为因果链，以及一些导致意外后果的盲点。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。